Forced Marriages and UK Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Forced Marriages and UK Law - Essay Example This essay stresses that forced marriages involve the use of threats to get people to enter marriages against the will. Existing UK laws on marriage render such marriages null but voidable. There is no existing criminal liability for partaking in the imposition of forced marriages. Legal reforms have created a civil provision to combat forced marriages. However, this leaves much to be desired. This is because there is a general problem of fear and sympathy for perpetrators by victims because of the familial links that exist between them. In order to prevent forced marriage, it is recommended that there should be a separate criminal law that would complement the criminal statute. Debate should however continue on this subject. This is necessary because there is the need for new issues and situations in the UK society to be integrated into the legal statute to protect the vulnerable appropriately at every point in time. This paper examines forced marriages in the context of UK law. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how sufficient the laws on forced marriages in the UK are. This paper makes a conclusion that the UK House of Commons identified that domestic violence and forced marriages are the main challenges to family law in the UK in recent times. The UK recognises forced marriage as a form of domestic violence and child abuse. The UK social and legal system makes a sharp distinction between forced marriages and arranged marriages . This distinction is necessary because arranged marriages have a bit of a different legal position in the UK society. This is mainly steeped in the concept of choice. Whereas the parties in an arranged marriage might choose to live within the marriage without any duress, a forced marriage is one where one party is forced or coerced into the whole union. 'Duress' defines the main basis for the definition of a forced marriage. As such, a marriage in which duress is not used to coerce one or both parties into the marriage is valid socially, morally and legally in English law. 2.2 Forms of Forced Marriages There are three main types of forced marriages6: 1. An individual who fears that s/he may be forced to marry in the UK

Working Partnership Essay Example for Free

Working Partnership Essay 3.1 Explain why it is important to work in partnership with others. It is important that you work in partnership with all of the people surrounding the individuals that you are supporting, in order to ensure the best possible support and care are provided. This will include Carers, Families, Advocates and other people who are sometimes called â€Å"Significant Others†. In order to work well in partnership, there has to be good communication therefore you will need to have good communication skills. Other people may be able to provide useful information to support you in your work, and you may be able to find useful information to support them in being part of the individual’s life. An example might be if there are communication difficulties. A Carer or Family member can share information on how you can communicate efficiently with the individual. Therefore this enables the individual to be listened to and supported in ways that they desire and choose. 3.2 Identify ways of working that can help improve partnership working. To learn from other and working in partnership is important. It will help you to understand the aims and objectives of different people and partner Organisations, as they may have different views, attitudes, and approaches. It is important that everyone’s focus is on providing the best care to individuals. By supporting the individual to achieve goals and to be as independent as possible, to respect and maintain the dignity and privacy of individuals. Making sure you promote equal opportunities and respect diversity and different cultures and values. By making sure you report dangerous, abusive, discriminatory or exploitative behavour or practice. By Communicating in an appropriate, open, accurate and straight forward way. Treat everyone as an individual. You must share knowledge and respect views of others, help to achieve positive outcomes for individuals. Always feedback any concerns you may have to you r manager/supervisor, even if it feels minor to you it can be important evidence. 3.3 Identify skills and approaches needed for resolving conflicts. Skills and approaches you will need for resolving conflicts are managing your stress levels, remaining calm in all situations, being aware of both verbal and non-verbal communication, by making sure you do not use any jargon and talking so everyone involved can understand you. Make sure you control your emotions and behaviour towards others, as aggressive behaviour can be intimidating. Avoid threatening others, pay attention to the feelings being expressed as well as the spoken words. Respect the differences of the individual, develop a readiness to forgive and forget. Have the ability to compromise, try and find a way to resolve the situation. Try to avoid making assumptions and accusations, as this can make the situation much worse. You must try not to over generalise and stick to the facts of what went on. Active listening plays a big part in trying to resolve conflict, as the person will feel that you are paying a ttention to them. 3.4 Explain when and how to access support and advice about: Partnership working – You will need to seek advice and support when there is a dilemma that you need help in solving. Support and advice can come from your colleagues, your supervisor/manager, external agencies i.e. Care Quality Commission, Social Services, Unions i.e. Trade Union. Carer’s Organisations such like the Health Care Professionals Council, Workforce Development Council and Sector Skills Council for Care. Resolving conflict – You can resolve conflict with colleagues or managers by going to Employment Counselling or Mentoring Support or where possible you can go to a Trade Union. Issues with individuals or their families you can go to an Independent Advisory Organisation such like Citizens Advice Bauru.

A Study of Gladiator Essay -- Papers Film Cinematography Directing Ess

A Study of Gladiator This is a study of the 1999 box-office hit, Gladiator, starring Russell Crowe. In this article, I will be looking at camera shots, soundtrack, special effects and other things, that enhance the viewing of the film, and increase its quality. We watched the first forty minutes of the film, and were asked to analyse its media attributes. The film is set in the Caesar period, at the end of the reign of Marco Aurelius. The main opening scene is set in Germania, and it is the beginning of a battle, but the end of a war, between the Roman legion and some barbarians. The very first scene is not a reality shot, it's a "dream" shot. The scene itself is at Maximus' home, in his cornfield, walking along, while brushing his hand through the wheat. This scene shows that while Maximus is a great general and a noble leader, he really would like to go home, to see his wife and child. The camera angle used in the scene shows the view from Maximus' legs. Having shown this dream, the film quickly proceeds to the next scene, which starts off showing Maximus looking at a robin. This is good for the scene; it could be filmed showing Maximus' last look at peace before he goes into battle. The shot is filmed through Maximus' eyes, then zooming out to show that it is Maximus looking at the robin. After this scene, Maximus is shown talking to Quintus about the battle ahead. Quintus asks Maximus about the range, because he is concerned that they are not close enough, but Maximus replies, "the range is good." This shows Maximus' confidence, and this obviously shows he is experienced in battle and an influential leader. Maximus the... ...ding back to his own home as fast as he can. The film also shows shots of the pictures running through his mind, his family being killed by Roman soldiers, his little son being trampled by the cavalry of horses. He arrives back to his home after at least a day of solid riding, and he is distraught. He dismounts the horse he escaped on, stumbles over towards his house, and sees a horrific sight; his wife and son, hung from the porch. The camera is positioned behind the two hanging bodies, and shows the bottom half of these, and Maximus' face, as he collapses on the floor in exhaustion and sadness. This is only a study of the first forty minutes of Gladiator, yet there are a huge number of different camera angles and techniques. This continues throughout the film, and shows true directing quality by the films director.

Crimes Against the Elderly Essays -- Ethical Issues, Adult Population

The rapidly increasing population of elderly people has been accompanied by a number of challenges to the elderly, communities, and the state. The frequency of victimization of the elderly through various crimes has escalated with the criminal justice system facing increasing pressure to curb this trend. Despite all states having legislation that target protecting the adult population from crimes, wide gaps in reporting of crimes against the elderly are evident across the nation. The elderly have increasingly become more vulnerable to physical, financial, and emotional abuse. In many cases, citizens who are aware of these abuses may fail to report to the police or the elderly people themselves may fear engaging in legal battles. Many of the crimes perpetrated against the elderly to a considerable extent reflect the general state of affairs as far as criminal activities are concerned. However, some categories of crimes are more prevalent among the elderly. This paper shall discuss th ese categories of crimes in light of the manner and forms in which they occur. In addition, the paper shall allude to the existing gaps in reporting and efforts by the criminal justice system, and what needs to be done in order to bridge the gap. According to the results of a recent study, the elderly people are facing an increasing frequency of abuse including widespread cases of financial exploitation and domestic violence. A salient factor which has been cited as aggravating the situation is the limited social services which the elderly people are receiving. This has been caused by little public interest as well as financial constraints facing the economy. In addition, the issue of crimes against the elderly has not received adequate attention as... ...e elderly to a conclusive end. This alludes to the need to see cases of elder abuse being prosecuted and the offenders facing the appropriate punishment. This would send a message to other offenders out there that any crime against the elderly would be met with full force of the law. Therefore, agencies whose work revolves around law enforcement need to take an active role (Tabachnick, 2009). At the same time, there needs to be adequate funding towards nationwide campaigns aimed at sensitizing people on the issue of crimes against the elderly and the steps they need to take in order to make the fight successful. With regard to sensitizing the population, the media has to come up and highlight the reality of this problem. The media has the capacity to make this problem attract the attention it deserves (Tabachnick, 2009).

Science and Technology in Novels

Attitudes on Science and Technology in Novels Three novels that were written in three completely different times all were able to contribute to different views and attitudes towards science and technology. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, The Time Machine, and Fahrenheit 451 are all accurate portrayals of the effect that science and technology have had on this world even as far back as 1886 when The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was first published.Although each book was written for different purposes and in different times, they all had mainly positive attitudes that were able to portray what the author thought science and technology would be like as the future progressed. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, it seemed that Robert Louis Stevenson had a positive attitude with a negative twist towards science and technological advances throughout the book. This book is ultimately about a scientific potion that affects a man, Dr. Jekyll.By having a posi tive attitude with a negative twist, it is meant that it showing advances in science, but it has negative consequences. Although this book was written so long before our time, the emotions towards scientific advances were there. On page 62 of this book in Dr. Jekyll’s statement of the case, he states that â€Å"From an early date, even before the course of my scientific discoveries had begun to suggest the most naked possibility of such a miracle, I had learned to dwell with pleasure, as a beloved daydream, on the thought of the separation of these elements.If each, I told myself, could be house in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable. † Dr. Jekyll shows that he â€Å"dwelled† with pleasure, which signifies a neutral type of attitude that the author portrays. The positivity of the science of his potion was that he was able to do something that no one else had. The negativity was the consequences of the evil in Mr. Hyde and the s uicide that ended it all. The Time Machine by H. G. Wells had both the aspect of science and technology. H.G. Wells had a very positive attitude, seeing as this book was solely about time traveling and being able to find the scientific needs to build a time machine. A quote on page 43 of this book stated† To sit among all those unknown things before a puzzle like that is hopeless. That way lies monomania. Face this world. Learn its ways, watch it, be careful of too hasty guesses at its meaning. In the end you will find clues to it all. † This quote clearly shows a positive attitude towards science and technology.The time traveler is in an unknown place and therefore, feels hopeless, but he knows that there will be identifiers on how to proceed. The time traveler uses his needs of technology and science, but knows that there is more to the future world of Eloi than just those aspects because they get along very well without everything being scientific and technological. F ahrenheit 451 is set in the twenty-fourth century, which would be in the year 2300. Throughout Fahrenheit 451 there are references to technology and science that seem rather odd to us living in the twenty-first century.If this twenty-fourth century world was compared to the twenty-first century of today, they would be considered antonymous to each other. Firefighters in our time do just as their name says, they fight fires. Watching television does not replace our families and learning about history is crucial to our lives. In Guy Montag’s world, this is all considered defiant. The one similarity between our two worlds is that of technology. The technology is very different than that of ours, but there is technology, and that is one thing that cannot be compared to the past.Ray Bradbury seems to use technology as a scape goat for his characters so that they are not drawn to books and to create an image of what life would be like without books or history. This gears his attitu de in a more positive perspective towards technology. His use of â€Å"parlor walls† was a way for his characters to disengage from reality and to do and be whoever they wanted to be. Parlor walls were used as a whole room and basically an interactive television set where you could put yourself in the scene.While reading this book, one might say that Bradbury was trying to show the role that books play in reality thus far and that without them, our lives would only involve technology and less knowledge and social instances. In Fahrenheit 451 on page 63, there is a conversation about the statement that books aren’t real and the role of the parlor walls. This conversation occurs between the main character, Guy Montag, and Professor Faber, who believes in the necessities that books give. â€Å"It becomes and is the truth. Books can be beaten down with reason.But with all my knowledge and skepticism, I have never been able to argue with a one-hundred-piece symphony orches tra, full color, three dimensions, and being in and part of those incredible parlors. As you can see, my parlor is nothing but four plaster walls. † Professor Faber is one of the few that does not engage in using the parlor walls. With most people gaining their knowledge from these parlor wall interactive shows, there is no room to see real truth in what a book is. Faber is also one of the few that has knowledge and admits to this knowledge, noting that he is skeptic of this technological universe that he is living in.The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, The Time Machine, and Fahrenheit 451 all were positive portrayals of author attitudes on science and technology. Although there were some neutral or negative aspects in each novel, the main attitude was positive. The future always seems to have a higher capacity for science and technology and seems to have been viewed as a positive attribute to all three authors. Science and technology continue to have positive impacts on the attitudes of authors when it comes to novels in this time.

Todays And Yesterdays Laws On Drinking

Todays And Yesterdays Laws On Drinking Todays and Yesterdays Laws on Drinking By john doe English Composition I Professor Louis M. Rosenberg Massasoit Community College April 14, 2002 Laws on alcohol have come along way. Back when the legal age for drinking was eighteen, teenagers were still too irresponsible to handle this privilege. I feel the ways the laws on alcohol are now are much more appropriate for society today. Since prohibition was repealed by the twenty-first amendment in nineteen-thirty three, the drinking age laws were set by the state; and many states allowed the purchase of alcohol at eighteen years old, which I believe is too young. Other people also believed there were many reasons that this age was appropriate, due to the amount of accidents caused by this age group. Later the law was changed to a National law that you must be twenty-one years of age to purchase alcohol. After the law was changed many I would agree that it was extremely effective, the statistics showed a dramatic drop in automobile acc idents among teenage drivers.David Vitter with Laura Dean-Mooney, the National ...This lead Americans to believe it was a good law and should be kept in effect. Although this law made a large change in our society, under age drinking is still a major problem in this country and many new laws are still being made today to try and solve this dilemma of under age drinking.After Prohibition was repealed and people were given back the right to purchase alcohol, there were many debates to what age a person should be allowed to purchase or consume alcohol. During the seventies nearly all of the states lowered their legal drinking age to eighteen from where it used to be at twenty-one. One argument in an essay written by Alex Koroknay, that made a very strong point to support the...

The Fashion Channel

The Fashion Channel The Fashion Channel is a TV network which features mainly fashion related content in its programs. It has a large subscriber base who are attracted by its content. Most of its viewers are women aged 35 to 54. The firm has operated without any customer segmentation, brand awareness or overall market strategies for a long time.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Fashion Channel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm seeks to change its market approach because it has realized that other TV networks are airing fashion programs targeting specific demographics. TFC intends to build a brand that will compete effectively in the market based on its reputation to capture more valuable customers. The vice president of marketing, Dana Wheeler is setting up strategies to help the firm become more competitive in the market. The firm has not been able to increase the revenue it earns from adverts because advertising firms feel programs aired have low ratings.The firm intends to push up sales revenues by focusing more on specific viewers to help it strengthen its position in the market. TFC wants to target specific customer segments in the market to make sure that its content reaches the right viewers. The firm needs to boost its ratings to attract more advertising revenue. The only way the firm can make advertisers interested in it is by airing content which appeals to young viewers who appreciate fashion. The firm also needs to maintain its spot on cable TV affiliates by ensuring viewers are more interested in programs it airs. Cable TV subscriptions offer the second largest revenue stream and it needs to improve the ratings of its programs to help it earn higher revenues. TFC is facing a lot of competition from mainstream TV networks which air a variety of content including fashion. Therefore, TFC needs to come up with content that targets premium viewers who have a strong appreciation for quality fashion. Lifetime and CNN, the two channels which threaten to overtake TFC in cable TV viewer ratings, have higher customer satisfaction scores compared to TFC. Low ratings have made the price cable TV consumers pay to subscribe to the channel to decrease. The firm needs to effect radical marketing strategies to help it increase the value of its service in the market. TFC needs to profile its customers to understand their behaviour and attitudes towards its services. This approach will help the firm to sustain strong relationships with its clients to make them feel valued.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More TFC will have to do a lot more to compete effectively with CNN and Lifestyle. The firm needs to improve its market insight to make its marketing approaches more dynamic. The company has to face the reality that advertisers are interested in younger viewers bec ause of their willingness to try out bold trends in fashion. This has made the company’s marketing team to target a younger demographic of viewers aged 18 to 34. However, there are some serious issues the firm has to contend with by shifting its market strategy. This shift in market strategy have far reaching impacts on TFC’s long term operations. The 18 to 34 demographic is also targeted by many other networks and as such, the firm may not realise an increase in its advertising sales as it had projected. TFC needs to engage with its customers to understand their needs in order to serve them better. TFC ‘s strategies of focusing on many demographic segments, fashionistas and shoppers may offer it a wide range of benefits. However, the focus on multiple segments may deny the firm a chance to come up with niche content for its specific customers thereby limiting its market potential. If the firm opts for multiple segment programs, it will retain its loyal customers who do not want to see any radical changes in content aired. The focus on fashionstas will enable the firm to target more female viewers willing to try out new content that appeals to them. This approach may entice more advertisers to air commercials through TFC. However, TFC will incur a lot of costs when producing programs that target fashionistas. The focus on both fashionistas and shoppers will help TFC to increase its ratings because more viewers will be interested in its offerings. However, the firm will need to spend a lot of money to effect this change which shows that this alternative is highly risky. TFC needs to find a way to boost its ratings. It should allocate specific time slots for multiple segment programs to retain its loyal customers. TFC should introduce specific content targeting fashionistas and shoppers and assess the way viewers and advertisers react to it. The introduction of new content targeting these two segments should be done cautiously to ensure the f irm does not spend too much money which it cannot recover. The firm needs to increase premium content targeting fashionistas and shoppers only after getting positive reviews from customers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Fashion Channel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This approach will help TFC increase the ratings of its products to make it more competitive in the market. Therefore, advertisers will be willing to pay more to air commercials through the TV network which will increase the firm’s sales revenue.

Internal Accounting Controls Essays

Internal Accounting Controls Essays Internal Accounting Controls Essay Internal Accounting Controls Essay The purpose of the system of internal accounting controls is to make sure a business is operating according to the policies and plans of management in regards with measures that have a direct relation to the protection of assets and to the reliability of accounting information. A system of internal control in a business is set up to safeguard the business?resources against waste or fraud, to guarantee the accuracy of accounting information, to assess performance of the company and to make sure that company policies are being followed. To attain well functioning internal control, there are certain guidelines that can be used. Thefirst would be to establish clear lines of responsibility. Businesses should assign responsibilities to an individual or a department. Clear descriptions of each department should be recorded to avoid any possible problems later. Each type of transaction should have routine procedures to be followed in order to direct activities of the business as planned, according to company policies. Every transaction should be authorized, approved, executed and recorded. The most important measure to take is probably the subdivision of duties. By making sure that the same person or department does not handle a transaction completely from beginning to end but instead duties are divided amongst employee, the data is more reliable and will have fewer errors. With the subdivision of duties businesses should also separate accounting function from custody of assets. What this means is that an employee who has access to or is in charge of an asset should not keep the accounting record for the asset. This guideline protects the assets from inefficient use, wasting or theft. Subdivision of duties also aids in the prevention of fraud. This way one employees work verifies the work of the other reducing opportunities for engaging in fraud are restricted.

1. Discuss the ways in which The Communist Manifesto uses literary Essay

1. Discuss the ways in which The Communist Manifesto uses literary means for political ends - Essay Example This spectre is revealed to be communism, and it captures the imagination at the very start. The second indication of quite sophisticated literary mechanisms at work is the way that the argument is built around a fundamental conflict. The â€Å"holy alliance† between what are described â€Å"reactionary powers† and â€Å"Communism.† The authors grab the attention of the reader by taking familiar politicians, such as Metternich, and other leading figures such as the Pope and the Tsar, and linking them with obviously evil individuals such as â€Å"police spies† in the same sentence (p. 2). This device recasts all these players as harmful opponents, and defines Communism in opposition to these elements as something positive and wholesome, as well as a worthy foe to these forces. A second literary device that is used repeatedly in the Communist Manifesto is the use of emotive description, often piled up in an exaggerated way, in order to add drama and tension to the political views that are presented. Examples of this are the description of Free Trade as â€Å"naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation† (p. 5) and that of the doctrines of German Socialism as â€Å"The robe of speculative cobwebs, embroidered with flowers of rhetoric, steeped in the dew of sickly sentiment, this transcendental robe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.26). These above-mentioned devices make the text more elaborate, but at the same time more engaging for the reader, because they contain quite strong emotional content. The text switches from this elaborate language to a simpler style when key points are made. The authors make complex ideas simpler by using personification : â€Å"As the parson has ever gone hand in hand with the landlord so has clerical socialism with feudal socialism† (p. 23). They also split the text into sections with explanatory headings so that the reader does not mistake the key message contained in each section. There are recap phrases

Hobbes (15 88-1679) on the right to all Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hobbes (15 88-1679) on the right to all - Essay Example And therefore, as long as this natural right of every man to everything endureth, there can be no security to any man (how strong or wise so ever he be) of living out the time which nature ordinarily allowith men to live." (Leviathan, Chapter XIV). Hobbes supposes that liberty is a matter of political self-government. For Hobbes liberty and equality was connected with non-obstruction, and with some form of sell-mastery. Liberty and equality is described as that a personal reedom is a matter of the range of things a person may do without being stopped or punished by others. Hobbes supposes that "I find yet a greater equality amongst men than that of strength. For prudence is but experience, which equal time equally bestows on all men in those things they equally apply themselves unto (Leviathan, Chapter XIII). Someone who does not engage in elaborate calculations before acting may be said to be excessively irrational. Irrationality of value to the pursuit of self-interest is prudence, which is similarly a virtue that it is possible to have too much of. Each has the right to all because, according to Hobbes, there was nothing natural about the state; in the 'state of nature' men lived without law, without authority, and without any means of curbing one another's aggression. Each man is a self-governed and can do anything. In "Leviathan" Hobbes describes that it is irrational of anyone to lay down the means of his own preservation unless he can be sure others will do so too. The state of nature is also is the state of war which means absence of established agreement for peace. For Hobbes force is the main quality during war and people are foolish to expect anything better from foreign states. The state of nature is a social and developed state. It can be characterized as war of all against: "war...of every man, against every man" (Leviathan, Chapter XIV). Each will be an enemy to all the rest. Human beings as they were not equipped with speech, with reason, with a sense of time, with any morality; they were lonely. In the Chapter XIV Hobbes claims that there was one fundamental right of nature, and one equally fundamental law: the right was 'the Liberty each man hath, to use his own power, as he will himselfe, for the preservation of his own Nature', while the law was 'every man, ought to endeavour Peace, as farre as he has hope of obtaining it; and when he cannot obtain it... he may seek, and use, all helps, and advantages of Warre' (Leviathan, Chapter XIV). The concept of subjectivism is closely connected with individuality. Hobbes emphases qualitative variation among uniqueness, a conception of the cumulative and permanent, but not predetermined, development of larger contexts as a source for development, and an insistence on the irrationally founded subjective designs of historically particularized human actors as the principal plane upon which variation and development take place (subjectivism). Knowledge of the reality must be concrete and descriptive hermeneutic, It will avoid the search for universal natural laws, and it will recognize itself as an historical occurrence. Also subjectivism for Hobbes means obligations in individuality. Hobbes supposes that Irrationality can be predicated in the first instance of human beings and of human beliefs and actions. Absence of rationality is taken to warrant a diminution of legal

Topics in Literature English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Topics in Literature English - Essay Example Characterization can be a simple or a complex process. Basically, characterization is what characters "say" and "do" (The National Library Literacy Strategy, 2001, p. 2). Each character is seen as being made up of a number of dimensions: sense of identity, age, gender, religious persuasion, temperament, physical appearance, values, expectations, dreams, disappointments, inadequacies and loss, to name a few. The Shreklisch Onion Layer Model of characterization stresses that the psychological profile of the fictional character must incorporate emotions, back-story, beliefs, practices and intentions (Wikipedia, 2006). It is by way of the language and actions of the character within the text that the reader is able to understand what are happening and why, without having to be told directly (i.e. indirect characterization). Although, with fiction that presents a completely new dimension of existence it may be necessary to spell out character specifics to the reader, due to the ambiguity inherent in novel texts (i.e., direct characterization). In most novels, plays, and essays, characterization develops along with the storyline and functions to support the fictional themes. Characters take time to create for an author, as they are getting to know another person, and aspects of who they are and how they interpret their world and respond to it in a way that is contingent on their values, requires the author to reflect on their own ways of thinking and behaving. A story may be completed driven by its characters; they are the key to unlocking the story. In such cases, the plot tends to come first, like a seed crystal of an idea that radiates out patterns of complexity and beauty in storylines as it creates the possibilities for characters to arise from the situations or settings (The National Library Literacy Strategy, 2001).The physical description of a character provides the reader with a general framework about the 'person': age, gender, ethnicity, physical appearance, style of dress, geo-historical location, and the way t he character moves. The reactions and responses of the character give the reader insight into the character's core values and attitudes (English Online, 1998). The dialogue of each character can provide the reader with deeper psychological insight of the character. The language that a character uses, their use of intonation, as well as use of pauses and silences, can instil in the reader the true feelings of what that character is experiencing. The surroundings enrich the background for the reader, making the characters more believable and understandable. This detail needs to incorporate all of the character's senses and perceptions of the setting. It is the author's ability to sew together the dialogue, reactions and descriptions that enables characterization to occur (The National Library Literacy Strategy, 2001). It is important that the author be aware that characters need to develop due to their fictional experiences, in order to come to life and 'be real". However, it is also essential that each character have a consistency of character as well, and it is this balance that leads the author through the characterization process.Ultimately, characterization requires the author develop characters by giving them; identity (e.g., have a name, appearance, values, temperament); creating

Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar Essay

Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar - Essay Example The paper "Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar" talks about the Ritu Kumar's biography. She completed her graduation from Delhi Irwin collage in 1964. She had the nature of keen observation in understanding the life. This quality further helped her to take keen interest in artistic work. She accomplished her higher education from USA in 1966. She started her career with hand block printers and two tables in a small village of Calcutta, to display her art. She enhanced her network with the passage of time in order to keep pace with the latest trends of fashion designing. She has also hit the European market by launching new fashion variety of indo-western range. This new trend attracted many foreign buyers. Her worth deserving achievements include wardrobe for Miss India for further participation in miss world and miss universe contests. Ritu’s work in the fields of garment and related accessories in silk, cotton and leather made her an eminent designer in India. The well-reputed designer launched Zardozi collection in Delhi in1985. Zardozi was introduced for the first time in India but response was exceptional. Now Zardozi technique is being widely used in India. She also proved that hand made products are more profitable than machine products. Evening gowns are one of the highly praised creations of Ritu kumar in European market. The designer was awarded with the lifetime achievement award by national institute of fashion technology in 1998. A lady naming famina participated in Miss India contest 2002.

Reflection on my internship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection on my internship - Research Paper Example One of the most important parts of my first day as a practicumer was learning about how hospital policies were made and why it was of the utmost importance that the employees follow the policies. I was quite excited to be a part of the policy creation instead of implementation group. Learning how policy was developed and created really helped me gain a better understanding of the administrative work that goes behind running a successful health care facility. By the end of the day, I already had a different perspective of the administrative side of nursing. Although I had some questions about the hospital policies and related fields, my preceptor was quite patient in explaining the confusing parts to me. She never let me feel like I was getting in the way or preventing actual work from getting done. It was a truly enlightening and engaging first day for me. Although I sometimes felt overwhelmed, I still ended the day feeling that I had learned so much in a single day. That is why I am looking forward to going back for more practicum training with my preceptor in the

Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar Essay

Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar - Essay Example The paper "Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar" talks about the Ritu Kumar's biography. She completed her graduation from Delhi Irwin collage in 1964. She had the nature of keen observation in understanding the life. This quality further helped her to take keen interest in artistic work. She accomplished her higher education from USA in 1966. She started her career with hand block printers and two tables in a small village of Calcutta, to display her art. She enhanced her network with the passage of time in order to keep pace with the latest trends of fashion designing. She has also hit the European market by launching new fashion variety of indo-western range. This new trend attracted many foreign buyers. Her worth deserving achievements include wardrobe for Miss India for further participation in miss world and miss universe contests. Ritu’s work in the fields of garment and related accessories in silk, cotton and leather made her an eminent designer in India. The well-reputed designer launched Zardozi collection in Delhi in1985. Zardozi was introduced for the first time in India but response was exceptional. Now Zardozi technique is being widely used in India. She also proved that hand made products are more profitable than machine products. Evening gowns are one of the highly praised creations of Ritu kumar in European market. The designer was awarded with the lifetime achievement award by national institute of fashion technology in 1998. A lady naming famina participated in Miss India contest 2002.

Unknown lab report flow chart and conclusion based on my results Essay

Unknown lab report flow chart and conclusion based on my results provided - Essay Example A third test also gave a positive result, so it was concluded that the first test gave a false negative result. This was determined since the negative result was inconsistent with the rest of the test results (not consistent with the other data from the Enterotube tests. The only Genus that is Catalase positive is the Genus Corynebacterium. The Voges-Proskauer test was used to narrow down potential species within the Bacillus Genus. The VP test was negative and was repeated twice in order to be certain of its accuracy and reliability. According to Bailey & Scotts "Diagnostic Microbiology" manual, B. stearothermophilus only grows at above 65 degree C. and our incubation growth temperature was at 37 degree C, so that microbe can be eliminated from consideration. The Citrate test was negative on three trials, which eliminates Lactobacillusand leaves only Corynebacterium. Starch hydrolysis carried out proved positive therebyeliminating Corynebacterium kutsceri and leaving us with Corynebacterium xerosis. Consequently the identity of unknown microorganism is Corynebacterium

Socrates - Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Socrates Philosophy Essay Plato Plato WHEN Socrates was sixty years old, Plato, then a youth of twenty, came to him as a pupil. When Plato was sixty years old, the seventeen-year-old Aristotle presented himself, joining the Teachers group of Friends, as the members of the Academy called themselves. Aristotle was a youth of gentle birth and breeding, his father occupying the position of physician to King Philip of Macedon. Possessed of a strong character, a penetrating intellect, apparent sincerity, but great personal ambition. [tags: Plato Philosophy Philosophers Essays] 3776 words (10.8 pages) $19. 95 [preview] Plato Plato Plato was born to an aristocratic family in Athens, Greece. When he was a child his father, Ariston, who was believed to be descended from the early kings of Athens died, and his mother, Perictione married Pyrilampes. As a young man Plato was always interested in political leadership and eventually became a disciple of Socrates. He followed his philosophy and his dialectical style, which is believed to be the search for truth through questions, answers, and additional questions. After witnessing the death of Socrates at the hands of the Athenian democracy in 399 B. C. , Plato left Athens and continued to travel to Italy, Sicily, and Egypt. [tags: Biography Biographies Plato Philosophers Essays] :: 4 Works Cited :: 1 Sources Cited 1795 words (5. 1 pages) $29. 95 [preview] Confusion And Plato Confusion Confusion plagues everyone in the world. Daily people are subject to struggles that involve them being confused and allow them to not fully take in what the world has to offer. Confusion simply put is the impaired orientation with respect to time, place, or person; a disturbed mental state. With that said it is evident that many things a susceptible to confusion, and being confused. When reading Plato one cannot help to be confused, some confused on the general meaning others confused on the actual wording. [tags: Plato] 911 words (2. 6 pages) FREE Essays [view] Platos Criticism of Democracy Platos Criticism of Democracy Do not be angry with me for speaking the truth; no man will survive who genuinely opposes you or any other crowd and prevents the occurrence of many unjust and illegal happenings in the city. A man who really fights for justice must lead a private, not a public, life if he is to survive for even a short time. (Apology 31e-32a) These are the words of Socrates, who spoke before the Athenian jury in the trial that would, ultimately, condemn him to his death. Through works such as the Apology and The Republic, we can see Plato’s distaste of the concept of democracy. [tags: Plato].

Toys and development from theory to research

Toys and development from theory to research The first twelve months of a childs life are crucial for physical and cognitive development. At six months an infant should be able to reach for and grasp objects so that during months 6-12 they learn to transfer objects from one hand to the other, grasp a spoon across their palm, can sit without support, begin to crawl, pull themselves up and walk with assistance, and may begin to walk without assistance. These process of these developments are explained in cognitive theories. One of the most influential cognitive theorists of development is Jean Piaget (1896-1980). Piaget proposed that a child is born with a repertoire of sensory and motor schemes, such as looking, tasting, touching, hearing and reaching (Boyd Bee, 2009). Through the process of assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration, a childs schemes evolve into more complex mental schemes. Piaget proposed that this happens through the course of four stages: sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage. It is the sensorimotor stage that concerns the development of schemes in an infant. During the sensorimotor stage, a baby understands the world through its senses and motor actions. In relation to the development of an infant from 6-12 months are Piagets substages of secondary circular reactions, and coordination of secondary schemes. Secondary circular reactions, which are noticeable around six months are an infants repetitive actions oriented around external objects. Also, at this stage, infants may show some signs of imitation, and an understanding of object concept (understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave) and object permanence (that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight) (Boyd Bee, 2009). At around 8 months of age, an infant reaches the fourth substage of Piagets sensorimotor stage the coordination of secondary schemes. In this stage, an infant begins to show an understanding for causal connections, which leads to means-end behaviour, purposeful behaviour carried out in pursuit of a specific goal. An infant can now combine schemes, and can transfer information from one sense to another (cross-modal perception). Another cognitive theory is that of Vygotskys sociocultural theory, which asserts that complex forms of thinking have their origins in social interaction rather than in an individuals private explorations (book). Vygotsky believed that a childs learning of new cognitive skills is guided by an adult (or a more skilled child/sibling) through scaffolding a structured learning experience which is most beneficial when adapted to the childs zone of proximal development (developmental level). Vygotsky also emphasizes the importance of active exploration, in particular, assisted discovery. Recommended Toys Little Bird Told Me Softly Snail Snuggle-time Play-mat and Gym This colourful, multi-textural play-mat contributes to the secondary circular reaction stage of Piagets sensorimotor stage. The mat is designed to develop fine motor skills with the help of its detachable rattle toys and teething rings. Features such as its musical antennae and baby safe mirror are included to help develop sensory schemes. The pillow, which comes with the play-mat, can help an infant to develop motor skills as it can be used as a chest support for tummy play, which can also encourage the development of gross motor skills such as rolling over, and crawling. This toy is also beneficial as it can assist infants in the coordination of secondary schemes, for example, the means-end behaviour of pressing the antennae to hear some music. This toy is also ideal for a 6 month old infant to learn through assisted discovery, as Vygotsky suggested. VTech Singing Nursery Rhyme Book This interactive book, which is full of rhymes and flashing lights, along with hide and seek functional features, of different colours and textures, is suitable for an infant of 6 months or older. This book is designed to stimulate the senses and improve hand to eye coordination. While it is an ideal toy to demonstrate Vygotskys assisted discovery with the help of an adult, it is also a toy that can help with Piagets secondary circular reactions and the coordination of such secondary schemes, such as understanding object permanence, and causal connections. This toy is also durable through further stages, as it is can help teach different language sounds, and colours. Fisher Price Rainforest Jumparoo This toy includes a variety of colours, textures, sounds, and moving toys. Not only does it encourage the development of fine motor skills through the use of toys, but it also encourages the development of gross motor skills such as standing, and turning. Jumping movements activate lights and sounds, which stimulate the infants senses, and also cause the movement of the hanging toys which help with the development of Piagets coordination of secondary schemes, e.g. intentional means-end behaviour, and cross-modal perception. This toy is full of features to facilitate Vygotskys assisted discovery, e.g. understanding cause and effect and encouraging hand-eye coordination. Go Go Caterpillar This small moving toy, suitable for 9 months plus, is colourful, and contains colourful and noisy beads within its wheels. It encourages the development of gross motor skills as it pushes the infant to crawl or continue after the toy. The toys also has letters and numbers on it, which through the help of Vygotskys scaffolding, can lead to the learning of different letter sounds. Also the simple process of pressing the toy to make it move encourages the development of Piagets coordination of secondary schemes, such as learning cause and effect through repetition, and developing cross-modal perception. Little Superstar Sing Along Stage This toy (suitable for 6 months and older) encourages singing, dancing, and discovery on a number of levels. It has colourful features, which each make unique noises, including rattles and buttons, and also has a lights display. Along with this is a microphone and instruments which play songs, and there is a built in child friendly mirror. The toy in general motivates expression and movement, and is ideal for assisted discovery, while the use of the instruments and microphone encourage the development of fine motor skills such as hand-eye coordination, and the coordination of schemes such as means-end behaviour. The colours, lights, and mirror function as sensory stimulants, while the toy as a whole helps develop the coordination of schemes, and encourages activity. Conclusion Overall, cognitive development in an infant is highly important. Piaget and Vygotsky both have cognitive theories to explain development, and while they both have limitations, they can both be applied to all of the five toys I have chosen as the best toys for physical and cognitive development of an infant, and in particular an infant between 6 and 12 months. For Piaget, the most important developments between these months are those secondary circular schemes, and the coordination of these schemes, including fine and gross motor skills, through assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration, while Vygotsky suggests that development occurs through social interactions guided through scaffolding, and assisted discovery.

cold war Essay -- essays research papers

World War II divided Korea into a Communist, northern half and an American-occupied southern half, divided at the 38th parallel. The Korean War began when the North Korean Communist army crossed invaded non-Communist South Korea. As North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, quickly overran South Korea, the United States came to South Korea's aid. General Douglas MacArthur, who had been overseeing the post World War II affair of Japan, sent the US forces, which began to hold off the North Koreans at Pusan, at the southernmost tip of Korea. Although Korea was not strategically important to the United States, the political environment at this stage of the Cold War was such that policymakers did not want to appear soft on Communism. The US step in as part of a "police action" run by a UN international peace- keeping force. With the US, UN, and South Korean forces pinned against the sea at Pusan, MacArthur orchestrated a daring amphibious attack on Inchon a port on the western coast of Korea. Having made this landing, MacArthur defeated the North Korean army and recaptured Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Instead of being satisfied with his defeat of South Korea, MacArthur crossed the 38TH Parallel and pursued the North Korean army all the way to the northernmost provinces of North Korea. Afraid that the US was interested in taking North Korea as a base for operations against Manchuria, the People's Republic of China secretly sent an army across the Yalu River. This Chinese army attacked the US/UN/ROK forces. Only after the appointment of Lt. General Matthew Ridgway as commander of ground forces did American the motivation begin to swing against the Chinese Communists. Although President Truman hoped to end the war quickly and pressed MacArthur to be more tactful, the brilliant strategist went against presidential orders and continued spouting incendiary lines about his hopes to reunify Korea. After gaining the support of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Truman relieved MacArthur of command. The move was extremely unpopular in America MacArthur was perceived as a popular war hero. Only the support of the Joint Chiefs of Staff saved Truman from impeachment after the firing. Ridgway took MacArthur's command and held off the Communists with strong forts and entrenchment’s just north of the 38TH Parallel, sending occasional offensives against the Iron Tria... ... terms. Although the United States attempted to keep the war on a very small scale, it quickly snowballed out of proportion, involving China, at times seeming as if it might become a World War III. Looked at another way, though, the Korean War can be considered a success: although the war did at times get out of hand, the US and the USSR were able to avoid direct confrontation, especially since the USSR fought mainly by proxy. Perhaps most importantly of all, though it was fought just five years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed, the Korean War was not an atomic war, avoiding both the possibility of immediate nuclear and setting a pattern that would continue throughout the Cold War. The Korean War had a huge effect on the US government. One of the main reasons that the war was fought was to stop communism from taking over the world. The war strengthened our relationship with Britain. This war also let the US avoid a confrontation with the USSR, which would have hurt the economy drastically. If this war would not have happen I believe that the world would have been conquered by communism. Instead of living our lavish US life I believe that we would be living like Russia.

Chaucers The General Prologue Essay -- Chaucer General Prologue Essay

Chaucer's The General Prologue Chaucer-the pilgrim starts out â€Å"The General Prologue† with detailed descriptions of each pilgrim as he views them. When Chaucer-the pilgrim arrives at the Pardoner, he becomes very focused on his physical appearance and what is seems to be missing. There is something odd about this Pardoner and Chaucer-the pilgrim can’t seem to grasp just what that is. He describes that the Pardoner is all on fire to do is job, just arriving from Rome (Bretful of pardon, come from Rome al hoot). However, his eagerness to Pardon those for God does not help his physical appearance in any respect. Chaucer-the pilgrim describes his voice as that of a high-pitched goat and points out that he has no facial hair and will presumably never have any, as his face is just as smooth as if he had recently shaved (A vois he hadde as small as hath a goot; / No beerd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have; / As smoothe it was as it were late yshave). Chaucer-the pilgrim is setting up in the reader’ s mind that of a prepubescent boy, yet as the reader knows there are no children on the jour...

Planning to Meet the Needs of Learners in Education and Training Essay

Initial and diagnostic assessment involves the process used by trainers to get to know the learners and making a healthy relationship with them. Gravells and Simpson (2010) provided that the initial assessment occurs when learners are introduced to new learning programs. It is a comprehensive approach whereby the trainer and the learner begin to create a picture of their achievements, interests and skills. The learners also build up their learning experiences and needs correlated with their goals. The diagnostic assessment assists in identifying specific learning needs and strengths. It evaluates the learning targets of students and suitable teaching and learning strategies essential in achieving the set goals (Gravells & Simpson 2010). As an educator, it is imperative to initially diagnose and assess the individual learning goals of each and every learner in order to be able to map their future progression. It is essential to analyse their skills and achievements, and correlate them with their intended targets. Carrying out this analysis will enable the trainer to understand the task ahead and how to meet each learner’s requirement. Explain how your own planning meets the individual needs of learners As a trainer, relating to real life circumstances and situations is one of the simplest means of making learning more accessible to both the learners and trainers. This context provides a more perceptive framework for learners’ skills and enhances additional learning (Petty 2009). Besides, allowing the learners to review the literature of the taught subjects enables them keep the information fresh in their minds. This promotes additional learning in the fact that the learners improve their ability to maintain currents skills and create new skills. Planning it provides an opportunity for the implementation of curricula reforms in light of the dynamics and the characteristics present within a group of students, finally resulting to an enhanced learning experience. Educators should plan various strategies depending on the learning environment and the nature of the study. Students adopting this approach not only focus on the literal aspects of learning but also on the underlying concepts, and their main interest is the task at hand. They further seek  integration to widen their understanding of a subject across disciplines. Explain ways in which teaching and learning plans can be adapted to meet the individual needs of learners Most classrooms consist of different learners with a wide range of needs, which the trainers have to consider while planning, teaching and assessing their students. The most effective teaching and learning plans must have clearly stated objectives that the learners should learn. Gravells and Simpson (2010) explained that teaching and learning plans consist of an introduction to the lessons, the engagement of learners in learning activities that enable them understand the content of the lesson, and the opportunities for learners to participate in providing the feedbacks on the lesson learned. Hence, it is paramount for a trainer to know the strengths of every learner, and how they can be assisted to develop their talents, skills and knowledge. While designing teaching and learning plans, it is also important for any trainer to consider the specific learning needs of all the learners (Petty 2009). Differentiated instruction is another way to be adapted to meet learners’ needs. Learners are different, and they do not learn in the same ways. With trainer’s teaching and learning plans in mind, it is essential to know how the students learn and create a design instruction which accounts for the different types of learners (Gravells & Simpson 2010). The trainer has to assess the current knowledge of students on the outcomes, and he or she is likely to evaluate that learners have diverse skills on the planned learning outcomes. Petty (2009) stated that the trainer should also present teaching in different instructional experiences. This can be achieved by making small group of learners and providing them with assignments and projects. Identify Opportunitites for Learners to Provide Feedback to Inform Inclusive Practice Allowing self assessment enables the learners to provide feedback on their learning and development. According to Petty (2009), self-assessment outlines major areas that need improvements and enhances knowledge and skills among the learners. Inclusive learning provides individual needs of the learners; therefore allowing the trainer to develop lesson and activities associated with learner’s needs. Learners’ feedback is more constructive than trainer’s feedback because it only focuses on negative aspects of learning outcomes (Gravells & Simpson 2010). Peer assessment also provides positive effects towards the development of learner cohorts and inclusive learning practice. In relation to the proximal learning theory, learners gain knowledge for each other and this is one of the productive ways of learner feedback. Group discussions are very essential in a classroom setting because they not only improve student-student interaction, but also they assist the teacher in evaluation the level of knowledge acquire. This can be very useful in inclusive practice feedback. The teacher is able to assess the student’s as they discuss. Also, use of feedback evaluation forms, question and answer discussions also provide ample opportunities for providing inclusive practice feedback. Analyse ways in which minimum core elements can be demonstrated in planning inclusive teaching and learning As a tutor, every lesson plan distributed should incorporate all the necessary minimum core elements. In most cases, deployment of numeracy proves an intricate aspect while planning to fit the lesson plans. It is an intricate issue particularly when dealing with art subjects but it can fit when students are deploying the laser cutter, which demands exceptional measurements practice. When considering written assignments learners should be given word count papers. Thus, they comprise of both English and numeracy subjects. Well, it is quite imperative to constrict in minimum core as much as possible during lessons. Normally, embedded learning and teaching coalesces the development of language, numeracy, and literacy with vocational skills (Keeley-Browne, 2014). The acquired skills provide students with necessary motivation and confidence sufficient to guarantee students excellent qualifications both in their career and in life. In lesson planning, a selection of the following ways of minimum core features predominantly. Literacy, which handouts use, written homework set, presentation, and self-participation through written board exercise, features most. The second example is numeracy where student use measurement and laser cutter for their exercises saved on the computer. Language is the other way of encouraging students to engage in-group work. Educators should normally sit with students on a personal level and deliver an interactive verbal lecture (Keeley-Browne, 2014). This mode of teaching ensures and encourages students open-up on their work experiences. Lastly, deploying ICT through computer use for various researches and set essays during the unit. References Gravells, A & Simpson, S 2010, ‘Planning and Enabling Learning in the Lifelong Learning Sector’, Exeter, Learning Matters Keeley-Browne, L. (2014). Achieving Your Award in Education and Training. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Petty, G 2009, ‘Teaching Today’, 4th Edition, Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes Source document

Difference between personnel management and HRM Essay

Difference between Human Resource Management and Personnel Management Human resource management involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people, or human resources, who work for the organization. In other words, Human resource management is concerned with ‘people centric issues’ in management. The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they can’t yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have — and are aware of — personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees have. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HRM AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ALTHOUGH both human resource management (HRM) and personnel management focus on people management, if we examine critically, there are many differences between them. Some are listed below: i) Nature of relations: The nature of relations can be seen through two different perspective views which are Pluralist and Unitarist. There is a clear distinct difference between both because in personnel management, the focus is more on individualistic where individual interest is more than group interest. The relationship between management and employees are merely on contractual basis where one hires and the others perform. Whereas, HRM focuses more on Unitarist where the word â€Å"uni† refers to one and together. Here, HRM through a shared vision between management and staff create a corporate vision and mission which are linked to business goals and the fulfillment of mutual interest where the organization’s needs are satisfied  by employees and employees’ needs are well-taken care by the organization. Motorola and Seagate are good examples of organizations that belief in this Unitarist approach which also focuses in team management and sees employees as partners in an organization. Relation of power and management: The distribution of power in personnel management is centralized where the top management has full authority in decision-making where even the personnel managers are not even allowed to give ideas or take part in any decision which involves â€Å"employees†. HRM, on the other hand, sees the decentralization of power where the power between top management is shared with middle and lower management groups. This is known as â€Å"empowerment† because employees play an important role together with line and HR managers to make collective and mutual decisions, which can benefit both the management and employees themselves. In fact, HRM focuses more on TQM approach as part of a team management with the involvement and participation of management and employees with shared power and authority. The nature of management is focused more on bottom-up approach with employees giving feedback to the top management and then the top management gives support to employees to achieve mutually agreed goals and objectives. ii) Leadership and management role: Personnel management emphasizes much on leadership style which is very transactional. This style of leadership merely sees the leader as a task-oriented person. This leader focuses more on procedures that must be followed, punishment form non-performance and non-compliance of rules and regulations and put figures and task accomplishments ahead of human factors such as personal bonding, interpersonal relationship, trust, understanding, tolerance and care. HRM creates leaders who are transformational. This leadership style encourages business objectives to be shared by both employees and management. Here, leaders only focus more on people-oriented and importance on rules, procedures and regulations are eliminated and replaced with: Shared vision; Corporate culture and missions; Trust and flexibility; and HRM needs that integrates business needs. iii) Contract of employment: In personnel management, employees contract of employment is clearly written and employees must observe strictly the agreed employment contract. The contract is so rigid that there is no room for changes and modifications. There is no compromise in written contracts that stipulates rules, regulations, job and obligations. HRM, on the other hand, does not focus on one-time life-long contract where working hours and other terms and conditions of employment are seen as less rigid. Here, it goes beyond the normal contract that takes place between organizations and employees. The new â€Å"flexible approach† encourages employees to choose various ways to keep contributing their skills and knowledge to the organization. HRM, with its new approach, has created flexi-working hours, work from home policies and not forgetting the creation on â€Å"open contract† system that is currently practiced by some multinational companies such as Motorola, Siemens and GEC. HRM today gives employees the opportunity and freedom to select any type of working system that can suit them and at the same time benefit the organization as well. Drucker (1996) calls this approach a â€Å"win-win† approach. iv) Pay policies and job design: Pay policies in personnel management is merely based on skills and knowledge required for the perspective jobs only. The value is based on the ability to perform the task and duties as per the employment contract requirement only. It does not encourage value-added incentives to be paid out. This is also because the job design is very functional, where the functions are more departmentalized in which each job falls into one functional department. This is merely known as division on labour based on job needs and skill possessions and requirement. HRM, on the contrary, encourages organizations to look beyond pay for functional duties. Here, the pay is designed to encourage continuous job performance and improvement which is linked to value-added incentives such as gain sharing schemes, group profit sharing and individual incentive plans. The job design is no more functional based but teamwork and cyclical based. HRM creates a new approach towards job design such as job rotation which is inter and intra-departmental based and job enlargement which encourages one potential and capable individual to take on more tasks to add value to his/her job and  in return enjoy added incentives and benefits. Human resource management is the new version of personnel management. There is no any watertight difference between human resource management and personnel management. However, there are some differences in the following matters. 1. Personnel management is a traditional approach of managing people in the organization. Human resource management is a modern approach of managing people and their strengths in the organization. 2. Personnel management focuses on personnel administration, employee welfare and labor relation. Human resource management focuses on acquisition, development, motivation and maintenance of human resources in the organization. 3. Personnel management assumes people as a input for achieving desired output. Human resource management assumes people as an important and valuable resource for achieving desired output. 4. Under personnel management, personnel function is undertaken for employee’s satisfaction. Under human resource management, administrative function is undertaken for goal achievement. 5. Under personnel management, job design is done on the basis of division of labor. Under human resource management, job design function is done on the basis of group work/team work. 6. Under personnel management, employees are provided with less training and development opportunities. Under human resource management, employees are provided with more training and development opportunities. 7. In personnel management, decisions are made by the top management as per the rules and regulation of the organization. In human resource management, decisions are made collectively after considering employee’s participation,  authority, decentralization, competitive environment etc. 8. Personnel management focuses on increased production and satisfied employees. Human resource management focuses on effectiveness, culture, productivity and employee’s participation. 9. Personnel management is concerned with personnel manager. Human resource management is concerned with all level of managers from top to bottom. 10. Personnel management is a routine function. Human resource management is a strategic function. Human resource management past and present Human resource management has changed a lot in the past 100 years. Previously, HRM was called personnel administration or personnel management, that is, it had to do with the staff or workers of an organisation. It was mainly concerned with the administrative tasks that have to do with organising or managing an organisation, such as record keeping and dealing with employee wages, salaries and benefits. The personnel officer (the person in charge of personnel management) also dealt with labour relations.such as problems with trade unions or difficulties between employers (those who employ workers) and their employees. Before we look at the role of HRM in organisations today, we will examine the way people were managed in organisations in the past. Definition Personnel Management – Personnel Management is thus basically an administrative record-keeping function, at the operational level. Personnel Management attempts to maintain fair terms and conditions of employment, while at the same time, efficiently managing personnel activities for individual departments etc. It is assumed that the outcomes from providing justice and achieving efficiency in the management of personnel activities will result ultimately in achieving organizational success. Facts [+] The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is the world’s largest HR department. OPM provides HR services for the federal governments workforce of nearly 2.8 million workers. It’s staff carry out the tasks to recruit, interview, and promote employees; oversee merit pay, benefits and retirement programs; and ensure that all employees and applicants are treated fairly and according to the law. To set the COLA [cost-of-living allowances] rates, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) surveys the prices of over 300 items, including goods and services, housing, transportation, and miscellaneous expenses. OPM conducts these surveys in each of the COLA areas and in the Washington, DC, area. Human resource management is concerned with the development and implementation of people strategies, which are integrated with corporate strategies, and ensures that the culture, values and structure of the organization, and the quality, motivation and commitment of its members contribute fully to the achievement of its goals. HRM is concerned with carrying out the SAME functional activities traditionally performed by the personnel function, such as HR planning, job analysis, recruitment and selection, employee relations, performance management, employee appraisals, compensation management, training and development etc. But, the HRM approach performs these functions in a qualitatively DISTINCT way, when compared with Personnel Management. Main Differences between Personnel Management and HRM HRM has a long history of growing from a simple welfare and maintenance function to that of a board level activity of the companies. In recent years, the focus on people management from human capital/intellectual capital perspective is also shaping firmly. However, the hard fact is that this growth can be generally witnessed in management literature and rarely in practice. Peripheral observation of people management in organization can mislead the observers since, hardly there could be any organization that is  yet to rename its old fashioned title of industrial relations/personnel/welfare/administration department into HRM department. But, in practice, these organizations continue to handle the people management activities the way they had been handling earlier. The reasons for this could be many and varied. Among them, the potential reason is lack of clear understanding about the differences between personnel/IR and HRM. Professor John Storey brilliantly portrayed these differences in 27 areas of people management in 1992 in his book titled Developments in the Management of Human Resources. These differences are illustrated in Table Dimensions Personnel and IR HRM Beliefs and assumptions 1. Contract Careful delineation of written contracts Aim to go beyond contract 2. Rules Importance of devising clear rules/mutually ‘Can-do’ outlook; Impatience with ‘rule’ 3. Guide to management action Procedures Business-need’ 4. Behaviour referent Norms/custom and practice Values/mission 5. Managerial task vis-a-vis labour Monitoring Nurturing 6. Nature of relations Pluralist Unitarist 7. Conflict Institutionalized De-emphasized Strategic aspects 8. Key relations Labour management Customer 9. Initiatives Piecemeal Integrated 10. Corporate plan Marginal Central 11. Speed of decision Slow Fast Line management 12. Management role Transactional Transformational leadership 13. Key managers Personnel/ IR specialists General/business/line managers 14. Communication Indirect Direct 15. Standardization High (e.g. ‘parity’ an issue) Low (e.g. ‘parity’ not seen as relevant) 16. Prized management skills Negotiation Facilitation Key levers 17. Selection Separate, marginal task Integrated, key task 18. Pay Job evaluation (fixed grades) Performance-related 19. Conditions Separately negotiated Harmonization 20. Labour-management Collective bargaining contracts Towards individual contracts 21. Thrust of relations with stewards Regularized through facilities and training Marginalized (with exception of some bargaining for change models) 22. Job categories and grades Many Few 23. Communication Restricted flow Increased flow 24. Job design Division of labour Teamwork 25. Conflict handling Reach temporary truces Manage climate and culture 26. Training and development Controlled access to courses Learning companies 27. Foci of attention for interventions Personnel procedures Wide ranging cultural, structural and personnel strategies

Violence in a Rose for Emily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Violence in a Rose for Emily - Essay Example Therefore, it is not an easy task even for law enforcers to be involved in certain violent acts that could be potentially considered criminal as in the case of such portrayal in William Faulkner’s short story A Rose for Emily. Marvin Eugene Wolfgang, the most influential criminologist in the English speaking world had his interest in the subcultures of violence where he theorizes the origins of violence (Silverman). One of the theories as observed from the high rates of crime in Southern America is based on the values and norms which either support violence or does not prohibit such (Lee & Bartkowski). From this perspective, it could be fairly said that some of the elements of the aforementioned short story are accurate. For instance, when Emily bought arsenic from the druggist, the townspeople were quick to suspect that she would kill herself and yet did not do anything to prevent the woman from doing so, rather were quite agreeable of the idea. Such a reaction seemed to give a thumb up to suicide and encourage a person that killing one’s self would be best when all is not going well. ... ther angle, in the murder of Homer Barron, the neighbors and law enforcers of the town have been quite lenient with an investigation regarding the foul smell that came from Emily’s house. They knew that the woman bought some arsenic just a few days before the foul smell filled the neighborhood air and that they even suspected she would kill herself. When they still found evidences of her being alive when her place got smelly, they should have suspected about the smell and spent more serious time considering what might have happened. The absence of Barron after he was last seen entering Emily’s house was totally scratched from the picture which shows how her people could easily think highly of a noblesse oblige, that she could not possibly kill a northerner who they supposed was married to her. This, and the aforementioned prospect of Emily killing herself brings about the picture of the people in her town where they take separately murder in different levels that is, Em ily can possibly kill herself and that is fine with them and Emily cannot possibly kill Barron which is revealed in the end was what happened in the story (Kennedy). Looking at the effects of the values and norms of the people in A Rose for Emily, a crime was performed and was never found out until the perpetrator died. The words of Judge Stevens, â€Å"Dammit, sir, will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?† seemed to be more of an attempt to protect Emily than to show respect to her. It is true that circumstantial evidences might have been known for suspicion and there is also the consideration of the limitations of the law and enforcers however, there was also no evidence of some extended effort to know about the foul smell that was affecting the neighbors because they seemed to be afraid

User Fees Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

User Fees - Coursework Example This paper identifies the four major user fees that are collected in the state of North Carolina and compares their charges. Just as any other state in the United States of America, North Carolina also relies on user fees as one of its major source of revenue. The major user fees collected by the state of North Carolina include recreational and cultural activities fees, solid waste collection and disposal fees, parking fees and highway tools (Lawrence and Millonzi, 2008). This fee is charged by the local government for the collection and disposal of solid wastes. The fees charged under this include basic service fee, additional or special service charges, solid waste container fees and collection bag charges (Lawrence and Millonzi, 2008). These are fees charged on those who visit recreational and cultural programs such as art galleries, museums, parks, coliseums and libraries. The main fee charged in these programs is the admission charge. However, in public libraries the residents are not charged the admission fee but penalty fees for overdue materials. The state uses these charges or fees to maintain these programs (Lawrence and Millonzi, 2008). Parking fees are charged on all parking spaces provided by the state of North Carolina. The fees are either charged on long term or short basis and vary from one county to another. The revenue obtained from these charges is used by the state to support all operating costs (Lawrence and Millonzi, 2008). Highway toll fees are charged on every vehicle that uses highway state roads. The charges vary depending on time, collection point and the size of the vehicle. Revenue collected from this charges are used by the state for the maintenance of these roads (Lawrence and Millonzi, 2008). Although this paper has only discussed four user fees collected from the public by the state of North Carolina, there are several of them. The fees

The Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Media - Research Paper Example In as much as the media stands a vital role in the development of the social order, its fairness in terms of reporting remains questionable. Unfairness issue in the media has been connected to two main reasons. Firstly, it entails the instances of extortion of journalists who reveal the unpleasant facts regarding such vices like; human rights catastrophes, poverty, and environmental abuse. Secondly, the aspect of unfairness along such issues as the racial divide in the mainstream media has led to critics to inquire whether fairness does exist when it comes to reporting by the media. One agency that has always been much concerned about fair reporting is the Fair and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) that was founded in the year 1986 in the US(Forte, 2011). According to the agency, most reporters are involved in partisan statements that reveal half-truths whenever they are reporting in either broadcast or print. The trend is very common more especially in social matters such as environmenta l abuse, human rights abuse and elections. Sociologists refer to mass media as mediated culture whereby, media reflects and at the same time creates the culture(Journalism, media and the challenge of human rights reporting, 2002). Individuals and communities are always bombarded with information from a multitude of media sources. The messages not only promote goods and services, but human being attitudes, moods, and a sense of whatever is important or not important. The modern level of mass media saturation has not always been in existence. In the 1960s and 1970, for example, television primarily consisted of three networks that included public broadcasting and very few local independent broadcasting stations. What is the role of mass media? Media executives, Legislatures, sociologists and local school officials have all discussed this type of controversial question. In as much as ideas vary as to the type and extent of influence the media stands, all parties consent that media

Marriage and the Family- Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marriage and the Family- Psychology - Essay Example The deviation from the family’s traditional division of responsibilities shall be explained in this short paper. It should be noted that the challenges of the family in these modern days are quite different from the ones in the olden days. The family is an institution that ensures that some basic amenities are provided to its entire member; the husband is the head of the marriage institution and is expected to fulfill his responsibility by adequately providing for the social needs of the whole family, but these days wives now lend a helping hand in meeting up with these challenges. Poverty is also responsible for the break in the traditional responsibilities in the family as Lewis puts it, â€Å"the culture of poverty cuts across regional, rural-urban, and even national boundaries the remarkable similarities in family structure, the nature of kinship ties, the quality of husband-wife and parent-child relations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† (2). The husband is expected to yield to the necessary demands of the wife and their children and when the man of the house does not meet up with his responsibility of catering for the needs of his family, there becomes a problem. Several families witnessed these problems in the past and these have made married women to stand in the gap and assist their husbands in meeting the responsibilities of the family.

Minnie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Minnie - Essay Example In the first stanza it is described about how the "sweet and cute" little Minnie becomes a responsible sister "at the age of four". In spite of her tender age since a baby boy is borne after her she has to take care of him. The line 'you are the big sis' connotes that the caring attitude and attention of the elders is now diverted from the girl child to the baby boy. Not only that, the girl is considered as big enough to take care of her little brother. The girl succumbs to the pressure of the elders and makes "compromises" throughout her childhood. Here "compromises" means the character Minnie has abandoned her rights of being loved and cared in her playful days for the reason that she is borne as a girl child and there is a boy already there who deserves more attention as per social norms. The second stanza provides a good continuity to the narration where Minnie, the character of the poem is in her youthful years. By the line "Wedding bells and diamond ring" it is intended that a girl in her nubile age can be of very romantic and contemplative about the beauties of everything. She dreams of love, romance, and an understanding life partner. The beautiful days, she dreamt of are not so long lasting for her. After marriage she hears from everybody that she has grown up to a "wise woman" and she should make adjustments with her husband, with the in-laws and with every situation. The line "Prudent Woman, respect man" is intended to the voice of the society which clearly speaks of male dominance and their presence at the helm of affairs. The allusion of male chauvinism can be very well deciphered from the above line. The third stanza typically describes the plight of woman particularly during her old age. Minnie is now completely alone. She has her children but has been deserted by all. Though she has poured her love, affection to all members of her family but those are hardly remembered by them. A widow who has not learned to face the challenges of the outer world often cries in the lone life. But what she can do except accepting the situation as they are and making compromises. The poem reiterates the prevalence of gender discrimination in the contemporary society, where woman has to take a backseat in the social hierarchy. Least importance is being given to their cause and comfort. Throughout their life they suffer by adjusting to the adverse situations. A Short Story: Independence Day It was an early awakening for Zayed. He sat and looked at his Grandpa's photograph. Usually, he wakes at six (of course after Mama's yelling), keeps his bedding and sleeping mat in proper place, brushes in few seconds and goes out to bring a pouch of milk. Everyday Zayed used to

Kant's Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy Essay

Kant's Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy - Essay Example This paper presents a critique of the Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy. In his essay, Kant starts by stating that the occurrence of sin on earth disrupts three main attributes of an almighty God.   Kent questions all efforts to think against the question of evil in the essay. In this essay he looks at the holiness of God, secondly, he looks at God’s goodness as a ruler, and God as a judge. These are the major questions in this essay. In the essay, he argued that great intelligence could not be comprehended by an individual’s thought because he perceives it to be higher (Firestone and Palmquist, 2006). According to him, he was right because an individual cannot comprehend supersensible objects within the environment (Firestone and Palmquist, 2006).   From the essay, this cannot be said to be a justification. Therefore, individuals cannot justify God, and they need to understand that thought cannot give accurate responses to God’s justifications.In the essay, there is nothing as counter-purposiveness, which are individual laws that violet human rights. An individual cannot stand for the truth he or she says. However, an individual must always stand for the truth of God’s holiness. It’s this holiness that guides an individual’s consciousness.      In his essay, Kant claims that a human being is only good so long as he or she stays away from sins and deception, or any form of individual deception. He used this thought following individual consciences, because when one behaves without sin he, or she is a good individual. This is challenging because it does not answer the question of holiness. Kant only talks about an individual tendency to deception, and not an individual’s pure reason.  

Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Essay Example for Free

Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Essay The problem associated with this case is whether or not the company should introduce a new energy beverage brand into the market. If a profitable market opportunity exists for the company to enter the energy beverage market the next step would be to identify a target market and marketing mix along with a product line and brand positioning. The best opportunity for the company to gain market share is to target adult energy drinkers from ages 35 to 54 since none of the competitors are catering towards this segment. Bottlers, distributors, and retailers are unlikely to produce and stock more than two SKUs of a new energy drink brand so it would be best to introduce a regular 16ounce single-serve package that consists of two different flavors. Since regular energy beverages hold 80% share of the market selecting regular is best, and since the 16ounce energy drinks represent 50% of case sales in convenience stores and want a high turnover to maintain prevalence in convenience stores its best to go with a 16ounce size. Also having two different flavors to choose from will help increase chance of trial rather than have only one flavor and have regular and sugar free or have one flavor and two different sizes. In positioning the brand the company should differentiate the energy drink from competitors by basis of packaging and select the 16.9ounce single-serve aluminum bottle with a resealable screw cap, and also by ingredients in having lower carbohydrates in the formulation. The energy brand should be distributed to all types of off-premise retailers where beverages are sold for maximum sales. The company’s U.S. media expenditure should be $12.6 million, equal to that of Tag Energy’s U.S. media expenditure which lead to a 2.3% dollar market share, because Tag Energy was also new to the energy beverage market and targeted to a certain demographic the company should experience a similar result. The manufacturer’s suggested retail selling price should be $2.29. Higher than the average $2.00 per single-serve because of it’s unique  point of difference – lower carbohydrates and aluminum bottle with resealable screw cap. Market sales potential for the company’s target market is equal to $1.608 (Exhibit 1) billion and market sales forecast is equal to $133.202 million (Exhibit 2). With a retail trade margin equal to 40% the company’s selling price to retailers would be $.961 (Exhibit 3). Thus from the market sales forecast of $133.202 million the company would receive $79.921 million in revenue, and with the company’s contribution margin of 30% total profit would be equal to $22.378 million (Exhibit 4).

Employee Performance Case Study

Employee Performance Case Study Problems inside the Slough branch and options to improve employee performance There are several key issues that impact the Slough branch. These include poor management, a lack of motivation of employees and ineffective communication between the workforce. The manager is perhaps one of the major problems in this subsidiary because his lack of professional management skills impacts on the employees and their work. As a manager and team leader, one aspect of supporting staff in periods of high demand is to help them manage their time more effectively and thereby help to reduce their stress levels and work pressures. Mr. David Brent, the manager of this branch, fails to do this for his staff. One failure on Brents part is his inability to deal with the impending merger with the Swindon branch. His lack of acknowledgment of the change results in unease amongst the workforce. His attitude in general is poor and he fails to act professionally. It has been suggested that considering training as an investment decision could vastly improve motivation in the workforce[1] but that this should only be done after careful consideration. Looking at the theory of leadership by Burrhus Skinner, an American psychologist, we assume that leadership capabilities are rooted in characteristics possessed by individuals and these skills are not necessarily in every individual[2]. If we consider the theory as true, we can easily conclude that David Brent is not a good leader as he does not have relevant characteristics. Referring to Peter Druckers ideas[3], the leaders job is to prepare people to execute and operate effectively and then give them freedom to do so. David Brent is failing to do this which suggests that specific training would be useful. In this case, introducing training is essential to improve the skills and the attitude of David Brent. With this type of training, the aim should be to change some of David Brents behaviour, par ticularly to his employees. For example, he must change the way he talks to his employees, he does not know how to interact in a professional way with them to the detriment of the managerial relationship. He also does not enforce order; nor does he follow company procedures. If these issues were properly addressed, then there is the possibility that staff motivation may increase knowing that proper leadership is in place. Another issue in this branch is the ineffective communication between all levels and departments of the workforce. This does not allow for improvement in the employees work and it often leads to them being lazy and unproductive and even, on occasions, disrespectful towards their colleagues. The employees, even if they attend some work meetings, are not able to express themselves properly because the manager does not allow them to do so. Instead, he spends much of his time in meetings trying to be friendly and relatable at the expense of communicating issues and tasks with the team. In this case, to improve and increase the communication in this branch, it would be useful to introduce a discussion group once a week[4]. This type of meeting would be with all key employees and the manager to talk about any problems and all situations approaching that week. All staff could be involved in identifying the vital goals and develop procedures and strategies to reach those goals. This session should ideally last about 30 minutes and be on a fixed day each week so that the whole team has a joint focus. Perhaps the biggest factor damaging the employees performance is the impending merger with the Swindon branch; the insecurity of their positions makes them worried. However, due to the poor management, the staff do not feel motivated to work as they are not held accountable for their actions. As they rarely get disciplined for their absence of productivity, they do not feel that they need motivation to work. Also they do not receive any feedback on how they work, meaning they cannot improve their performance or find out if they have done well. All these factors put their jobs at greater risk. One of the ways we could improve motivation in the work force is to consider Lockes theories on motivation and set specific goals for the employees to achieve[5]. Locke set out that it is through working to specific aims set by both manager and employee that a persons work can improve. This could be made possible by introducing one-on-one meetings between the manager and all members of staff. By having regular appraisals employees could track their performance and be motivated to improve as targets appear more achievable. These sessions should be done each week with all employees struggling with meeting their targets. Perhaps if the employees feel more motivated to achieve their targets they could begin to feel more secure in their positions at the company. Overall, I think that we should work very hard to change all the problematic and inappropriate situations because all the lies combined with unprofessional behaviour has deeply damaged the integrity of the Slough branch. Employee Appraisal for Gareth Keenan When deciding what appraisal system to use for Gareth Keenan I looked at many major models to find one which would best show his potential within the company. There are several jobs appraisal systems that could be used, however I have evaluated the strengths of these and concluded that the best system in Keenans case is Wether and Davis Ratings Scale[6]. I first looked at the Checklist method to try to evaluate Gareth Keenans work[7]. This system requires the user to work through a list of the employees capabilities and answer either yes or no. The problem I have found with this system is that it is not very motivational. By answering simply yes or no, the results are stark and it is difficult to motivate Keenan if his appraisal results mainly in no. It could be hard to see if he improved between meetings as this method may not show small improvements he has made. The second appraisal that I looked at is the Forced Choice Method[8]. This method is made in blocks of two or more, and the rater indicates which statement is most or least descriptive compared to the employee. Again, I find this procedure not useful for Gareth Keenan because the many aspects of his job may not be properly framed in this restrictive format. This employee has not got a big personality but he tries, often with bad results, to be a good supervisor and to be appreciated by the manager and the rest of the staff. He needs to see any improvements even if he does not yet do enough to be seen as a good employee and supervisor by them. This will allow him to gain confidence in what he does and set targets for improvement in all aspects of his job, not just ones set out in the Forced Choice Method. Overall I decided to use the Ratings method as it is the most simplistic and it allows for easy personalization relevant to the specific role and shows an easily understandable scale of competency. This table can show the various activities and performances required by the employee inside the workplace and crucially, it provides a scale of performance allowing for easy interpretation of key successes in Keenans work, as well as areas in need of improvement. This kind of appraisal can show every little improvement, or every worsening skill set, that the employee has therefore allowing for a clear sign of progression between ratings. This could be useful for Gareth Keenan because it should motivate him to improve and if the appraisals are held often enough, show his constant growth in areas for development. Also, as comments and suggestions can be attached to this appraisal system it can help him to change his approach to his work and suggest a change to his style of his communication for him to work on. Furthermore, I suggest a personality test[9] for Gareth Keenan, in order to understand which aspects of his personality he could work on more to improve his relationships with his coworkers. Bibliography Dwyer, J. R., Career Development and Advancement Patterns of Aboriginal Executives in the Canadian Federal Public Service, USA, 2000 Skinner, B. F., Science And Human Behavior, USA, 1965 Drucker, P., The Practice of Management, Oxford, 2007 Ledlow G., Coppola N., Leadership for Health Professionals, Burlington, 2011 Cole, G., A., Human Resource And Personnel Management, London, 2004 Aswathappa, K., Human Resource And Personnel Management, New Delhi, 2005 Manna, G., Introduzione alle tecniche per la valutazione della personalità  , Palermo, 2006 [1] Career Development and Advancement Patterns of Aboriginal Executives in the Canadian Federal Public Service, Rocky J. Dwyer, 2000. [2] Science And Human Behavior, B.F Skinner, 1965. [3] The Practice of Management, Peter Drucker, Classic Drucker Collection Edition 2007. [4] Leadership for Health Professionals, Gerald Ledlow and Nicholas Coppola, 2011. [5] Personnel and Human Resource Management, Cole G. A., 2004. [6] Human Resource And Personnel Management, K. Aswathappa, Fourth Edition 2005, p. 243. [7] Ibidem, p. 244. [8] Ibidem, p. 244/245. [9] Introduzione alle tecniche per la valutazione della personalità  , Giovanna Manna edito da Franco Angeli, 2006.