Evaluate the Effectiveness of Australian Government...

Evaluate the effectiveness of Australian Government economic policies in achieving their objectives. The government implements an economic policy mix involving macroeconomic and microeconomic policy in order to achieve their objectives. The three main objectives include: †¢ Internal stability – low inflation (price stability) and full employment †¢ External stability – stable exchange rate, a sustainable level of foreign debt and the current account deficit (CAD) ï  ©Ã¯  §Ã¯  ¨ †¢ Economic growth Other government objectives include equal distribution of income and environmental management. Though, it is evident that not all of these objectives can be achieved simultaneously as some are conflicting. Thus the government must trade-off some of†¦show more content†¦Another form of macroeconomic policy is fiscal policy, which involves the use of the Commonwealth Government’s budget in order to achieve the Government economic objectives. By varying the amount of government spending and revenue, the government can effectively alter the level of economic activity, which in turn will influence economic growth, inflation, unemployment and the external indicators of the economy. The fiscal instrument is the budget, an annual statement from the government dealing with its income and expenditure plan for the next financial year. Fiscal Policy is an effective tool which can target specific sectors of the economy such as individual industries, unlike monetary policy which affects the economy as a whole; this is why the government implements a policy mix. An indication of the overall impact of fiscal policy (FP) on the state of the economy is the fiscal outcome. The three possible outcomes include a fiscal surplus (positive balance where government expenditure exceeds revenue), fiscal deficit (a negative balance where government revenue exceeds expenditure), and fiscal balance (a zero balance where total government revenue equals expenditure). The main aim of fiscal policy is to achieve fiscal balance, on average, over the course of the economic cycle. The Howard Government targeted a fiscal surplus of 1% of GDP, whereas the current Rudd Government has raised this target to 1.5% of GDP,Show MoreRelatedThe Concept of Equity of Access in the Australian Healthcare System2439 Words   |  10 PagesThe Australian health care system is founded on the concept of equity of Access. Discuss this Statement with relation to the concepts of Effectiveness and efficiency and any interrelation that may exist. 1. Introduction: As Stated in the National Health Reform Agreement-Equity of Access is the fundamental base of the Australian Health Care System (DHA. 2013a). Effectiveness, which focuses on ratio of outputs to outcomes and efficiency, which defines as achieving maximum outputs with available inputsRead MoreQuestions On Opportunity Cost And The Margin And Give An Example Of How They Are Used By Economists2725 Words   |  11 Pagesof consumer satisfaction. Economists use opportunity costs and marginal costs and utility to set priorities. â€Å"Priority setting is about making choices based on resource limitations; not only choosing what to do but also what not to do† (Centre for Policy and Development, 2006). For instance, if a department in a hospital is given extra funding, the decision of what it should be put towards depends on opportunity and marginal costs, to determine the optimal allocation of funds and resources. The extraRead MoreLegal Studies8128 Words   |  33 Pagescriminal law †¢ the extent to which law reflects moral and ethical standards †¢ the role of law reform in the criminal justice system †¢ the extent to which the law balances the rights of victims, offenders and society †¢ the effectiveness of legal and non-legal measures in achieving justice. Students learn about: 1.1.0 The nature of crime 1.1.1 the meaning of crime First of (any act or omission of duty resulting in harm to society that is punishable by the state. it seems quite clear but there isRead MoreResults Based Monitoring And Evaluation2044 Words   |  9 Pagesextensive management reforms in responding social, political and economic pressures that were triggered by the factors of globalisation, budget deficits, structural adjustments and competitiveness (Binnendijk, 2000). Central feature to most of those reforms has been an emphasis on ‘performance improvement’ and ‘achievement of targeted/expected results’ which were the core features of RBM. RBM has been used by many development agencies, governments, and donor agencies in delivering development interventionsRead MoreAccountability and Stewardship9014 Words   |  37 PagesTable of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Accountability 4 2.1 Definition 4 2.2 Objective of Accountability 6 2.3 Principle for Effective Accountability 7 2.4 Types of Accountability 8 2.5 Components of Accountability 13 2.6 Accountability Model in Malaysian Government 15 2.7 Efforts towards achieving Accountability 17 2.8 The impact of lack of accountability 19 2.9 Problems/Challenges to achieve Accountability 21 2.10 Recommendation to improve Accountability 24 2.11 InformationRead MoreThe Ottawa Charter and Health Promotion2462 Words   |  10 Pagesdeveloping personal skills, creating supportive environments, strengthening community actions, re-orienting health services and building public healthy policy. Various health promotion strategies that have proliferated primarily because of the charter include; Closing the Gap, National Chronic Disease Strategy 2005 and Aged Care Access Initiative. In achieving a better state of health, the prerequisites of health that have been established include; to advocate, enable and mediate. The historical significanceRead MoreSOLUTIONS MANUAL to accompany MODERN AUDITING ASSURANCE SERVICES4904 Words   |  20 Pagesincreasing risks to independence. Increased government regulations and professional regulations regarding the tasks performed, quality control and scope of auditors’ work. Increased acceptance of the importance of auditor independence. 1.2 What role does ASIC have in the regulation of auditors? ASIC has a significant role in the regulation of auditors. ASIC is the statutory administrative body for the enforcement of the Corporations Act 2001. Government regulation is exercised through ASIC’sRead MoreEssay about Anz Offshoring Strategy4554 Words   |  19 PagesANZ | OFFSHORING Background This strategic report of ANZ’s offshoring strategy examines the effectiveness and drivers of ANZ’s decision to move towards outsourcing internationally, analyses the impact of ANZ’s offshore programs on stakeholders, explores key risks and opportunities and evaluates the success of ANZ’s offshore system. A | Strategy Analysis February 2012 saw ANZ confirm job cuts to 492 permanent employees, 100 of these positions to be moved overseas. In early 2013, ANZ againRead MoreMarketing Environment And Strategy Of Aesop2668 Words   |  11 Pages The main objective of this marketing plan is to introduce the products of Aesop to the global markets. It becomes essential to analyze and research the product as well as the market in order to create a stronger strategy fit and align all of the marketing activities and efforts to the marketing goals and needs of the potential consumers. Identification of appropriate segments and markets is an essential foundation for the success of the product and the organization. The Australian market is extremelyRead MoreGroup Assessment Essay4297 Words   |  18 Pages 2 ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT............................................................................3 3. ADVANTAGES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT............................................................3 3.1 Cost and Time Effectiveness................................................................................................3 3.2 A Competitive Advantage....................................................................................................3 3.3 Managing Disputes

Oriental Art Essay - 846 Words

Oriental Art Oriental art is very distinct from other parts of the world. In their sculptures they still used such materials as clay, wood, and bronzes. However their art work promoted such things as goodness in nature, serenity, graceful balance, spiritual perfection, and a mystical harmony within themselves. There work avoided confusion, conflict and violent emotions at all costs. New or unprecedented experiments in their art work was never welcomed, and the expression of nobility and inner worth where demanded. Ultimately oriental art was said to be â€Å"a way of being†, but to understand this you must look at the words of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius who said â€Å"Raise yourself to the beautiful.† However not all Oriental†¦show more content†¦The Shang people came into history half way through the second millennium B.C., these people also lived in pounded earth settlements, and made funeral vessels. These people established the li which was the basic metallic shape used in their bronzes. Not only was the li used, but also other shapes have been discovered. In recent excavations, thousands of different vessels have been found, however it is possible to distinguish about forty basic shapes of the vessels. Each vessel served a different purpose in sacrifice or funeral ceremonies. Some where used for wine and water, some for storing foods, while others where used for cooking meats. The Shang dynasty have left some sculptures as original and different as there bronzes. However none of the large statue survived excavations. The importance of the excavations cannot be overemphasized. Who would have imagined an ancient culture so rich that they actually created stone sculptures, wheel made pottery, carved jade, and bronzes, which have never been surpassed. Too often when people speak of â€Å"Oriental art† they think that both China and Japan developed in the same way and the same time. This statement however is false, and the Japanese art did not start till several years after Chinese art did. The first forms of Japanese art can be looked at through the Jomon people, who where nomadic hunters and fishers. A number of human figurines and fertility gods have been found, alsoShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication Of The Brands Values, Personality And Culture3407 Words   |  14 Pagesstrategy of what the organisation brand will be. The famous and award winning restaurant Dinner by Heston Blumenthal Kitchen, which is based in the Mandarin Oriental Hotel London, prides itself on their reputation. The key fact of being based within this world famous hotel proves it has a high reputation and in demand. The Mandarin Oriental Hotel operates all over the world and prides itself on offering its guest a luxury experience. Talented staff is a vital part of Dinner by Heston kitchen, deliveringRead More Animal Influences in Paleolithic, Egyptian and Greek Art Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesPaleolithic, Egyptian and Greek Art There are numerous ways in which animals have resonated within the human mind. Throughout history there have been representations ranging from the realistic, to myths, legends, symbols, and even horrific murderous beasts; at the same time providing fascinating perspectives of our own humanity. Various forms of art have conveyed ideas and concepts of animal’s intelligence, as well as behavior, from generation to generation. Animal art is used as a tool to makeRead MoreMandarin Oriental Hotel4620 Words   |  19 PagesMandarin Oriental Hotel, Bangkok Mandarin Oriental, Bangkok is a five-star hotel in Bangkok owned in part and managed by Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. Located on the banks of the Chao Phraya River, the original structure was the first hotel built in Thailand when it opened as The Oriental in 1879. Today, the hotel is one of two flagship properties of Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group and is known for service, which consistently places it among the worlds best hotels Background and History WhenRead More Nigeria Essay2820 Words   |  12 PagesSubsequently, as one means of understanding art, in essence, is as a celebration of identity, artwork in the post -independence era manifests this struggle; thus, placing artists at the epicenter of cultural iden tification. In the 1960s, artist Uche Okeke emerged as an integral figure in the development of Nigerian art, and thus, Nigerian identity. Drawing from his Igbo heritage, Okeke effectively appropriated pre -colonial artistic traditions and applied them in an â€Å"art for art’s sake† context. Okeke’sRead MoreThe Female Gaze Of Art History1838 Words   |  8 PagesM.A. adjunct ARTH 316 W1 December 10, 2016 The Female Gaze in Art History Thesis: Women have come a long way alongside men in presenting art in various forms, but while artistic expression has been based from the male perspective and sexuality, female artists are becoming more outspoken in their art forms challenging viewers to look beyond the physical form and go deeper into its meaning. Down through the historical years of art the human body has been the subject of intrigue and delight. WhileRead More The 19th Century Aesthetic Movement Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Arts and Crafts Movement is the main line of reform design in the 19th century that defines the period of its greatest development, roughly between 1875-1920. The Aesthetic Movement and Art Nouveau, whose roots were in the reaction to the Industrial Revolution in England in the middle of the 19th century, are the two major stylistic developments of this Movement’s philosophy (A Thing of Beauty 9). The term Aesthetic Movement refers to the introduction of principles that emphasized art inRead MoreSchools of Art in Different Places of India Establish by the British Empire2757 Words   |  12 PagesThe approach of Britishers towards Indian art played an important role in the development of the process of the formal training of Indian artists so Britishers started to establish art schools in the major cities of India. One of the main reason of opening art schools in India was Britishers found that Indian artists had insufficiency in the scientific knowledge of art and were less able to create natural landscapes. Another reason was the demand for Indian luxury crafts by the British public inRead MoreExploring The Possibilities Of Ceramics Being An Independent Visual Medium1332 Words   |  6 Pagesceramist who took her knowledge from her schooling and a visit to Japan to create beautiful forms of art. According to William Grimes’ article â€Å"Toshiko Takaezu, Ceramic Art ist, Dies at 88,† Takaezu is best known for her â€Å"closed pots and torpedo-like cylinders, derived from natural forms† in which â€Å"helped to elevate ceramics from the production of functional vessels to fine art† (Grimes). Takaezu’s works of art included using techniques such as closing off the top of her vessels, allowing for her to haveRead MoreSkills For Visual And Written Analysis1474 Words   |  6 Pagescentral debate in different art societies. Writing about art has materialized to become a variable way to practice cultural, social, economic and political aspects. Precisely, a personal response to an art piece increases the understanding of the piece of art. As such, the role of individuals such as curators has become essential in improving the understanding of art. Evidence has proved that visual art has far reaching impact in reading, writing, geometry and science. Visual art creates an innate mentalRead More The History of Art Essay4153 Wo rds   |  17 PagesThe History of Art Art was the first written language and to study the history of art is to study the history of civilizations and humankind. The Paleolithic cave paintings in France, when viewed in the modern western perspective can only be speculated at as to the intent and/or purpose of the original artisans. Perhaps the paintings of animals were the focal point of a religious ceremony or ritual, surveyed before the hunt, to bring success or perhaps part of a celebration or documentation

Effects of Reading Comic Books Free Essays

From the black and white caricatures of the olden days to the full colored version of today, the comic book has been one of the world’s greatest past times. There has been thousands of storylines and character has been created in the past years but only a few has captivated a vast number of readership. In any case, the comic book has been infused in the international popular culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Reading Comic Books or any similar topic only for you Order Now All over 21st century Asia, many cultures still praised the long-lasting effect of the comic book: â€Å"For many people, reading comics is an indispensable part of life in Hong Kong. (From an article entitled â€Å"Comics craze has long and colourful history† in the South China Morning Post, April 2001) â€Å"The reading of comic books.. . has always been one of Koreans’ favorite pastimes†¦ † (From the Korea Herald, March 2000). The younger generation in Taiwan is â€Å"more accustomed to Hollywood movies, American and British rock stars and Japanese comic books than things Taiwanese† according to a news story about teahouses and Starbucks coffee shops. (From an AP story, April 2002). â€Å"Comics in eastern Asia are more than just a form of popular entertainment.MANGA (in Japan), MAN-HUO (in China), and MANHWA (in Korea) is a part of the cultural life itself. † (From the sampler book â€Å"Manhwa: The World of Korea Comics† distributed by the Korea Culture amp; Content Agency at the Frankfurt Book Fair, October 2005). â€Å"The Philippine Sports Commission is†¦ launching [the] Batang Pinoy-Philippine National Youth Games 2000 [using] the IEC [information, education ;amp; communication] strategy. The IEC strategy includes the launching of Batang Pinoy Komiks [comics], an innovative†¦ nd illustrative reading material espousing the very ideals of Batang Pinoy. † (From an article in the Manila Bulletin, April 2000) â€Å"From Tin-Tin to Archie and Phantom to Flash Gordon, comics are a genre among themselves†¦Comics have provided the masses with entertainment in the days when television and computers were a figment of some genius’s imagination. But they have stuck out for the long haul and a kid [in India] today is as well-versed with the comic-book universe as he was twenty years ago. † (From an article entitled â€Å"Comics still rule the world† in The Times of India, June 2000)Comics Quotes amp; Facts, Christian Comics International (2010) Retrieved from: http://www. christiancomicsinternational. org/quote_asia04. html Since its rise in the mainstream several decades ago, these comic books has elevated itself from something that is shunned at to something that is revered immensely as a body of creative work. Nowadays, the name of Marvel and DC has become commonplace and consistently taken a synonymous identity with top of the line comic books. It has created several characters and icons that has become a part of the consciousness of the common man. From invincible en from planets unknown to genetically mutated individuals, comic books have time and again provided individuals both young and old a world of fantasy and an outlet for escape from reality. However, comics are a controversial art form. Over a lengthy period of time comics have provoked debate. In the United States, comics have traditionally been considered a â€Å"lowbrow medium† (Varnum amp; Gibbons, 2001). â€Å"I think Hitler was a beginner compared to the comic-book industry,† wrote psychiatrist Frederic Wertham in his 1954 book, â€Å"Seduction of the Innocent,† which linked comics to the rise in juvenile delinquency (Wymann, 2010).Accordingly, even in the early 1900s, there were teachers who raised concerns about children reading comics – that their content wasn’t appropriate content for a children, and that it wasn’t real literature (Tilley, 2009). As comic books are surrounded by controversies, it is the purpose of this paper to rationalize on the effects of comic books to its readers, especially the young ones. This paper also discusses a brief overview of comic book history and its characteristics that had evolved overtime.Based on these information, the research er will attempt to establish a strong sense of right and wrong and ethical values concentrated in the comic book universe. I. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Comic books have a rich history. Using images and sequences of pictures to communicate were common in early civilizations and ancient cultures, for example cave drawings, the Egyptian hieroglyphics and stained glass windows showing Biblical scenes. The Bayeux tapestry in Normandy (c1100) has sometimes been claimed to be an early example of a strip cartoon (Sabin, 2005). A.Rise of the Comic Strip Rodolphe Topffer, a Swiss artist, formalised his thoughts on the picture story in his Essay on Physiognomics in 1845 (Comics, 2007). Satirical drawings like Punch in newspapers were popular through the 19th century. In Germany in 1865 the strip Max and Moritz, by Wilhelm Bush was published in a newspaper. Comics as we know now were first created in the last half of the nineteenth century in England when the first regular comic strip appeared in 1884 with the first comics hero, Ally Sloper. This was followed by Comic Cuts in 1890.In the United States the first comic character – The Yellow Kid – appeared in 1896 (Saraceni, 2003). Comic strips became very popular and in the early 1930s some publishers began to publish them in the form of a book. In Europe (especially in Belgium, France, Italy and Spain) children’s magazines began to publish comics during the 1930s. These comics became very popular, the most famous of whom Herge’s Tintin, which is still a favourite in the 21st century. Superman made his first appearance in 1938 and Batman the following year (Sarceni, 2003).Comic books began in the 1930s as reprint collections of newspaper strips (Pustz, 1999). In the late 1940s the so-called â€Å"crime† and â€Å"horror† comics became popular. Crime and violence were portrayed and many people worried about the effect that these comics might have on children. These concerns gave rise to campaigns against comics. Peanuts, with Charlie Brown and his dog Snoopy, one of the all-time favourites, was created during the 1950s (Saraceni, 2003). Asterix made his appearance in 1959 and is still a best seller. B. The Comic Book SuperheroesSuperheros like Spiderman and The Fantastic Four appeared in the early 1960s. It was also during this time that underground comics, called â€Å"comix† were published (Pustz, 1999). These were intended for adult readers. Comics became more intellectual and started to attract scholarly attention, especially in Europe. At the end of the 1970s the first â€Å"graphic novel† – A contract with God – was published. This novel was aimed at adults. The comic by Art Spiegelman (1986), Maus, which portrayed life in the concentration camp of Auswitz, established comics as an adult art form (Saraceni 2003: 3).Throughout Europe and Latin America, and in Canada and Japan, comics are now regarded as artistic and cultural productions. â€Å"The comic book has evolved from humble beginnings into a graphically sophisticated and culturally revealing medium† (Sabin, 2005). Improvements in printing technology have brought a radical transformation in the way comics are produced. Previously the common image of a comic was of a cheaply produced throwaway, but today photographic-quality paper and fully painted artwork are commonplace. In the 21st century comics explore new possibilities offered by digital graphics and the Internet.Many popular Hollywood films are based on, or adapted from comic books, for example Spiderman, Superman, Batman, Daredevil, The Fantastic Four, among many others. C. The Philippine Comic Book Industry In the Philippines, while the first indigenous cartoons may be traced to Jose Rizal’s fable â€Å"The Monkey and the Tortoise†, the origins of the mainstream komiks industry would not arise until after the Spanish-American War. In the 1920s, Liwayway magazine began running comic strips under the direction of Romualdo Ramos and Tony Velasquez such as the still-running Mga Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy (The Misadventures of Kenkoy) (Ong Pang Kean, 2006).Originally inspired by American comic strips and comic books left behind by American GIs , the medium steadily diverged, and by the 1950s, drew more inspiration from other forms of Filipino literature such as komedya, as well as Philippine mythology. Many komiks were evidently inspired by specific American comics, such as Kulafu and Og (Tarzan), Darna (Shazam! ), and D. I. Trece (Dick Tracy). The predominance of superheroes has continued into the modern day. However, other characters such as Dyesebel draw more from traditional folklore.At one point, between 33 to 40 percent of Filipinos read komiks, but this number has since dwindled somewhat due to competition from other media forms and the phenomenal â€Å"brain-drain† as some Filipino komik artists have gone on to work in the American comic industry, including Alfredo Alcala, Mar Amongo, Alex Nino, and Nestor Redondo. More recently, comic artists have begun producing what is often called â€Å"Pinoy Manga†, inspired largely by Japanese anime and manga which have been widely available in the Philippines since the 1970s (Ong Pang Kean, 2006). II. COMIC BOOK CHARACTERISTICSA comic book or comicbook (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a funny book, comic paper, or comic magazine) is a magazine made up of narrative artwork in the form of separate â€Å"panels† that represent individua l scenes, often accompanied by dialog (usually in word balloons, emblematic of the comic book art form) as well as including brief descriptive prose (Wikipedia, 2010). The term â€Å"comic book† arose because the first comic books reprinted humor comic strips. Despite their name, however, comic books do not necessarily operate in humorous mode; most modern comic books tell stories in a variety of genres.The term â€Å"comic† was accepted through popular usage and refer to the form rather than the content. The term â€Å"graphic novel† (short novels done in the medium of comics), is an extension of the â€Å"comic book† as visual narrative. A. Unique Characteristics Comics are seen as â€Å"a narrative form consisting of pictures arranged in sequence† (Varnum ;amp; Gibbons, 2001). â€Å"Comics (or, less commonly, sequential art) is a form of visual art consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of speech balloons or image captions† (Comics, 2007).Its being ‘sequential’ is the unique characteristic of comics. Kannenberg (2001) describes the pictures in a comic as the visual narrative and the word as the textual narrative. Comics are thus characterised by: 1) the combination of both words and pictures, with a relatively small number of words; and 2) the sequential order of these images organised into units, graphically separated from each other. B. Parts of the Comic Book Comics have the following components: Panels, gutters, balloons and captions (Saraceni, 2003). The panels: Each page is normally composed of a number of rectangular frames named panels. * The gutter: Each panel is separated from the others by a blank space called the gutter. * The balloon: The use of balloons, in which text is inserted and imposed into the panel which contains the pictures, is one of the principal characteristics of comics. Other types of print such as children’s books and advertising also combine images and words, but the use of balloons is unique to comics (Khordoc, 2001). The balloons contain direct speech, but significant proportions of it are essentially narrative.It shows that a character is speaking (in the first person) and this makes the reader’s involvement in the story much deeper. Balloons may report speech or thought. The tail of the balloon indicates the character who is speaking or thinking. * The caption: The caption is not inside the panel, but is always a separate entity, at the top or bottom of the panel. The text in the caption represents the narrator’s voice and add information to the dialogues in the balloons. C. Comic Book Genres Artists who produce comics bring their own individual style to this medium.Two basic art styles – realistic and cartoony – have been identified (Comics, 2007). The cartoony style uses comic effects and a variation of line widths. Characters tend to have rounded, simplified anatomy, while the realistic style focuses more on realistic anatomy and shapes. Superheroes are very popular characters in comics. Superheroes are the modern myth, and we create myths to solve impossible, inhumanly large problems. Many comic books involve some form of masculine power fantasy and are very popular among male readers. Boys love the action adventure of comics.The use of both pictures and words together is not a unique characteristic of comics, but the way in which these elements interact with each other is. The arrangement into sequences of panels makes comics different from cartoons, which are composed of one panel only. Illustrated children’s books and picture books have a structural difference from comics. Both of them involve a series of images that tell a story coupled with a text. The structural difference is that children’s books make use of narration boxes instead of word balloons, and comics use panels. Most readers are familiar with the two fundamental forms of comics, namely comic strips (simply a sequence of cartoons, most commonly four panels long) in newspapers or magazines, and comic books and graphic novels, which are longer comic stories. Web comics are online comics available on the Internet (Comics, 2007). Presently, instructional comics are utilized to convey information, for example, strips designed for educative or informative purposes like the instructions on an aeroplane’s safety card. III.EFFECTS OF COMIC BOOKS Comics and the late,’40s and ’50s were more popular than any form of popular entertainment. The way to fully absorb the power that comics had was to: â€Å"understand not just the reach, which was extraordinary, which was huge, but also that the content of those comics and the point of view of those comics and the sensibility of those comics was so radically different from that of anything else that young people can see. If kids are going to the movies, they’re not seeing anything like this in the movies. Movies were geared toward families. There was nothing like this. † David Hajdu, author of â€Å"The Ten-Cent Plague: The Great Comic-Book Scare and How it Changed America,† From Kalning, Kristin’s article â€Å"Comic-book controversy is a cautionary tale† In the 21st century children’s lives are dominated by television, video games, play stations and the Internet – all visual media. Children of all ages are able to respond to visual texts. The direct approach of comics makes the reader a participant in one way or another.Young readers feel involved in the story as they experience it visually and directly. Comics usually require less effort to read. The messages of the pictures are being assisted by the short, readable texts. The format of picture and text can hold a child’s attention longer than print only (Tiemensma, 2009). Underlying the neutral side, now let us delve deeper into the sidestepped controversies that entail reading of comic books. A. Negative Effects of Reading Comic BooksIn the 1950s, concern that violence in comic books might increase aggression in children led to the development of a Comics Code Authority, a self-censoring agency for comic book content developed and enforced by the producers of comic books (Kirsch, 2006). However, the overwhelming majority of comic books available today still contain violent themes, and many comic books are laden with graphic gore and sexual themes. According to Psychotherapist Lipika Varma from Value Lanes, as cited by Lama (2010), children often imitate what they’ve seen, read, or heard. Many of these graphic novels and comic books give away stories on violence, and sometimes they are written in such a way that children get the wrong idea. It’s the same with computer games, which many children’s are terribly hooked with. I think it has got to do a lot with some sense of power, which these children’s would get reading these stories. The changing lifestyle has a lot to do with this,† said Varma. According to Hilde (1996) and Elkisch’s (1996) survey of 88 white and negro children, comic books inspire violent behavior and aggression in children by exposing them to violence, torture, killings and act of revenge.The deleterious effects of comic books on child psychology outweigh their benefits as a means of release for children who are trying to gain acceptance in their society. Furthermore, children who read comic books identify themselves with the aggressor in a given plot to introject their fear and problems. It’s thought that widespread exposure to violent entertainment media contributes to high levels of violence and aggression in modern societies and that violent themes may have negative impact on individuals functioning (Munro, 2010).In a recent investigation led by Kirsh SJ, amp; Olczak PV (2002), results indicated that participants reading extremely violent comic books ascribed more hostile intent to the provocateur, suggested more retaliation toward the provocateur, and attributed a more negative emotional state to the provocateur than participants reading the mildly violent comic book. These data suggest that social information processing of relationally aggressive situations is influenced by violent comic books, even if the comic books do not contain themes of relational aggression.Recently, a study by Lamb (2010) into the comic book consumed by boys showed that superhero comics may not be the best image for boys to see if society wants to promote kinder, less stereotypic al male behaviors: â€Å"there is a big difference in the movie superhero of today and the comic book superhero of yesterday. Today’s superhero is too much like an action hero who participates in non-stop violence; he’s aggressive, sarcastic and rarely speaks to the virtue of doing good for humanity. When not in superhero costume, these men, like Iron Man, exploit women, flaunt bling and convey their manhood with high-powered guns. In Sharon Lamb, EdD (2010) Superheroes and Slackers: Limited Media Representations of Masculinity for Boys Past studies, however, attributed the negative effect of reading comics to the difficulty to understand the language of comic books: * Leoni (1970) studied the reaction when some male adolescents in front of violent images of comics; the researcher found out that when aggressive behaviour is acted by human characters, it causes more disease than when the aggressor is an animal or an humanised animal. Imbasciati and Castelli (1974) studied the effects of black (noir) genre , especially when subject is stressing, erotic and aggressive (Diabolic, criminal, satanic etc. ). Researchers found out that black comic books influence the mood, causing anxiety and depression. It happens especially with female readers and almost when reader and chief character are of the same sex. It confirms the result found by Quadrio (1966): fantastic hostility is higher in females who have to inhibit it in their behaviour. Detti (1982) said that comic books heroes behaviour influences readers behaviour only when they’re psychologically weak, and their I. Q. is less than 80. This Author tells also about negative effects of   stories full of reprimand, morality, censure and reproof. This kind of stories could let children feeling fault, for the difference between their behaviour and the always perfect behaviour of characters. * Gelati(1985) showed 12 strips of Peanuts (by Schultz) to 50 universitary students of medicine; she found out that the misunderstanding of those strips was more than 50%.So she told that scientific way of reading, typical of students of medicine, doesn’t allow to understand Schultz’s spirit and all the stories of classical intellectual gender . * Minelli (1992), studying a sample of teen-agers, habitual readers of Dylan Dog, found out that many of them suffered the death of a parent or a relative (and it wasn’t true for the group of non-readers). So he theorized that Dylan Dog comic books, in which death themes are often discussed, are therapeutic instruments to elaborate mourning. The previous studies (Hilde, 1996; Elkisch, 1996; Munro, 2010; Kirsh SJ amp; Olczak PV, 2002; Lamb, 2010; Leoni, 1970; Imbasciati and Castelli, 1974; Detti, 1982; Gelati, 1985; Minelli, 1992) indicate that comic books are just another medium, another genre for the young that needs supervision and guidance. B. Positive Effects of Reading Comic Books Comic books receive a lot of the criticism coming from â€Å"people who think that kids are just looking at the pictures and not putting them together with the words†¦some kids, yes.But you could easily make some of the same criticisms of picture books – that kids are just looking at pictures, and not at the words (Tilley, 2009). † Any book can be good and any book can be bad, to some extent,† she said. â€Å"It’s up to the reader’s personality and intellect† because wholly, comic books are just another medium, another genre. One of the first goals in reading development is the nurturing of pos itive attitudes toward reading. A positive attitude toward reading is an important factor in the development of a reading habit.Reading comics is a way to develop a positive attitude towards reading and to get children engaged in reading. Comics entertain. Children usually enjoy comics and read them for pleasure. Enjoyment of reading comics could lead to lead to enjoying other reading materials. Children are more likely to continue reading once they think of reading as enjoyable. Two large surveys, both of 8,000 learners, conducted in the United Kingdom in 1977 and repeated in 1996 found that comics are the most potent form of periodical reading (Fenwick 1998). Even before a child is ready to read text, sequential art can give them practice in making meaning from material printed on a page, tracking left to right and top to bottom, interpreting symbols, and following the sequence of events in a story. Sequential art provides plenty of opportunity for connecting the story to children’s own experiences, predicting what will happen and inferring what happens between panels, just as they would do with a text story. The advantage of sequential art is that children do not need to be able to decode text to learn and practice comprehension skills (Edmunds, 2006).An academic study of children’s comic book reading habits – â€Å"The children talk about comics† – was already done in 1949 by Katherine Wolf and Marjorie Fiske (Pustz, 1999). They found that many children prefer comic reading to all other activities. Learners who can read well as well as learners with reading problems are attracted to comics. Some eviden ce of the positive role of the incorporation of comics into school reading practices in the early years is provided by the results of Marsh’s study in two Sheffield schools in the United Kingdom (Marsh amp; Millard 2000,). Comics can be used in the classroom in a variety of ways. Comics can enhance second language learning. Comics present language in action. They help improve reading development for learners struggling with language acquisition, as the illustrations provide contextual clues to the meaning of the written narrative (Edmunds 2006). Adaptations of literary works in comic format can be useful in English classes. Children can learn story elements through reading comics.Almost always fiction, comics are useful for introducing concepts such as narrative structure and character development (Grant 2006). Like novels, comics and graphic novels have a beginning, middle, and end as well as a main character or characters that develop through conflicts and the story’s climax. Research by Krashen and Ujiie in the United States showed that middle school (ages 10-14) boys who were heavy comic book readers liked reading more, read more in general, and read more books than lighter comic book readers, who in turn read more than non-comic book readers (Krashen, 2005).Research done in Scotland has confirmed that comic book reading could be the key to encouraging more young boys to read and to read comics could improve literacy rates (Schofield, 2005). These studies show that reading comic books while young is of positive experience. According to Tiemensma’s (2009) summary, comics reduce the amount of text in a story to a manageable level and give learners whole stories that they can complete reading in a reasonable time. The use of comics in school can provide a link to the reading experience of children for whom books and reading may be associated predominantly with schoolwork.Comics can thus play a role to motivate reluctant readers, engage children in reading, develop the comprehension and language skills of second-language learners and teach visual literacy. Comics can provide a stepping stone to other kinds of reading and their acceptance as part of reading materials especially at school can support children who are reluctant to read for pleasure. CONCLUSION Comics are books, too. Despite its many forms, comic books offer recreation to varying individuals with different tastes, ranging from the cartoony (Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters on strip) to the gory, oftentimes sexually explicit graphic novels.They exist to fill some of our fantasies, a longing to escape from reality, and a chance to remodel our lives after fictitious, superheroic and benevolent protagonists of our favorite comic books. Each one of them explores on the different aspects of our lives as human beings, rife in sufferings, violence, toil and countless other miseries but in the end, the light champions over the dark. The glimpse of a brighter future for our comic book superheroes is brighter than the negative effects that comic books, asserted by various cr itics, revealed.In this sense, violence does not measure our right to read comic books. Even the young ones can penetrate through its shambles, because it is another art form. Comic books are part of popular entertainment, and are no more than easily affected by the ever-changing world of ours. This is just the pattern that repeats itself over and over in the culture. The new is always shocking, and then the new becomes acceptable. â€Å"It applies not just to violence and horror but to tonality in music and sexuality in film and literature — it plays in different ways socially and aesthetically (Hajdu, as quoted by Kalning, 2008). To this end, I cannot clearly say that young readers reading comic books are negatively affected or positively improved. I can only say that comic books do have an effect on our lives, and as a student, who likes to read comic books, I can say that it changed my outlook and increased my experiences. The artists and scriptwriters who made these works of art are sure to be gratuitously thanked for their contribution in our ever expanding treasure of knowledge. How to cite Effects of Reading Comic Books, Papers

Online Identity

Question: Write an essay onOnline Identity. Answer: Marwicks article on Online Identity deals with the identity of an individual on social media sites. She has explained various theories of identity and applied them to new media contexts. She has also examined the major issues surrounding the new media and identity of an individual by looking specifically at blogs, micro blogging and social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and likewise. The writer has stated that the online identity of an individual is influenced by his online activities. She has also stated that the digital tokens including the icons, pictures, fonts, videos, and music have become the symbolic markers of personal identity. The author has illustrated the work of Lisa Nakamura, a researcher who has examined that most of the online representation of the individuals are generally racist. Most of the online identities are stereotyped and are assumed to be straight males and white individuals (Marwick, 2016). The writer has been of the opinion that the in dividuals today are using social media to communicate with people. The article more or less explains the conept of online and offline identiy of the individuals. Learning experience The writer has emphasized on the fact that the digital identities have become problematic. She has supported her argument by stating that the individuals often present themselves differently upon being influenced by the audience and context. The representation of the identities of individuals also depends on who they are and where they are. Really, this theory made me question the contents that I had created in my Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram accounts. This was a great learning experience for me to realize that, to what extent social media influences our perception on the identities of the individuals. Social media site related to the article It reminds me of the proverb, "on the internet, no one knows you're a dog" and it holds true to its literal sense (Krotoski, 2012). The issue of authenticity on Tinder is bothering the entire world as the people pretend to be someone else. In fact, one of the essential elements of social media success is hiding or pretending to be someone elses identity. The authentic identity of Tinder is anonymous as people can pretend to be someone else easily (Dijck, 2013). The people can upload random pictures and videos on Tinder pretending to be theirs. However, the social media site is linked with Facebook (Bhagavatula, 2014). It is argued that individuals create fake accounts on Tinder to increase their friends by pretending to be someone else. The people conversing on Tinder have no option but to listen or view the profile. However, it is upon the person if they believe on the impression created by the user to be authentic or genuine. With highly crafted imagery, language and media, people are able to explore impression management. Therefore, online identity can be deliberately delineated (Krotoski, 2012). References Bhagavatula, N. (2014). Social Media -- Legal Ramifications. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2571973Dijck, J. (2013). 'You have one identity': performing the self on Facebook and LinkedIn. Media, Culture Society, 35(2), 199-215. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443712468605Krotoski, A. (2012). Online identity: is authenticity or anonymity more important?. the Guardian. Retrieved 12 July 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/19/online-identity-authenticity-anonymityMarwick, A. (2013). Online Identity. Retrieved from https://www.Identity-Chapter_amarwick_2013.pdf

Managing In an Inclusive Environment Discrimination

Introduction The use of machinery was developed to replace human resource in the industry, however, despite the development; human resource is inevitable because of the various operations that cannot be handled by the machines.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing In an Inclusive Environment: Discrimination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus human resource is an important aspect of the business organization which should be carefully handled if at all the organization wants to catch up with the global competition (Armstrong, 1999, p.143). The human resource managers are therefore faced with a big challenge of making sure that their employees get the best from the organization so that they can equally perform well. Among the major concerns of the human resource managers is ensuring that their employees do not undergo discrimination in their work place. This paper is therefore an analysis of the current issue s related to employment discrimination that the HR mangers ought to be aware of and thereafter a recommendation of the actions to be taken by the HR mangers to avoid discrimination. Current (timely) issues related to employment discrimination that HR managers need to be aware of Employment discrimination entails creation of a distinction between the employees so that some of them are disadvantaged as others become advantaged during the times of recruitment, termination, promotion among other human resource processes. Discrimination in the work place can take many forms such as sex, race, age, physical and mental disability, religion and political differences. It could also take different directions, in that discrimination could either come from the employer or from the other working staff of higher or even lower ranks (Hemphill, and Haines, 1998, p.4). The fact that discrimination can take many forms; it is therefore the obligation of the human resource managers to beware of any pos sible causes and instances of the discrimination within the work place. Some of the issue that could lead to discrimination and the human resource mangers ought to be informed of include; Job advertisement– During the publication of a job vacancy, the human resource managers have to be careful that the information provided does no indicate even the slightest sign of any form of discrimination. For example, unless the job is suited for males only, they should not indicate that they require only male applicants yet the females are able to perform the job. Job description– This is a common instance where discrimination is likely to occur once the employee has accepted the job. Most employers have recently been advertising jobs without or with less information on the job description and thereafter overloading the employee with many duties to perform (Hemphill, and Haines, 1998, p.4). To avoid this, the HR officers should make the job description available even during inte rviews so that the employee may be in a position to know what they are up to. Application forms- This again is an issue of concern in that the forms to be filled may be indicating instances of discrimination thus disadvantaging a certain group of people. Interviews– The human resource mangers conducting the interviews should be pretty ware of the legislation laws governing employees. They should therefore have made good plans and forethought before the interview. In addition, it is advisable to have an external interviewer so as to avoid incidences of discrimination. Occupational safety and health requirements- The employers ought to be responsible for the health and safety of their employees in the workplace. Despite the employee differences, all should be safeguarded from any hazards and risks within the workplace. Apart from the aforementioned issues, the human resources mangers should also ensure that other human resource responsibilities such as reward systems, training , performance appraisal are equally distributed or rather given on merit so as to avoid cases of discrimination in the work place. Recommended actions for HR managers to help them ensure on an ongoing basis that their organization is not engaging in such discrimination Discrimination of employees is a crime that is punishable in the court of law. This therefore calls for all employers as well as their human resource managers to avoid any possible instances of discrimination set they are persecuted (Garcez, 2006, p.1). Not only will the company spend huge sums of money in the case, but they will also create a bad image in the society which will destroy their good reputation. There are several recommended ways through which the human resources can avoid instances of discrimination in their work place. Some of these include;Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Use of best practices decisions during the process of recruiting, promotion, retrenchment, or layoffs Due to the fact that these processes are some of the instances during which discrimination could occur, the human resource mangers ought to be careful when carrying out these obligations. The best way of avoiding this is through use of a variety of techniques of hiring or recruiting new employees such as open houses, recruitment firms or even scholar programs. Decisions to promote or lay off workers should be based on satisfactory or unsatisfactory work respectively and not on language or race differences. Taking the appropriate procedures to prevent or correct discrimination instances The human resource managers should follow the requirements of the EEOC that require that every organization should have a discrimination policy which both the employers and employees should sign. The EEOC officers offer training and guidance on the course of action to be taken in instances of discrimination. This therefor e ensures that once both parties sign and attest to the policy each is responsible for any consequences that arise if the policy is gone against (Garcez, 2006, p.1). Equal treatment of the employees Since most organizations will consist of people from different races, religions, geographical locations among other differences it is important that the human resource managers treat all the employees in the same way. The only differences that should be present in the organization should be in terms of the ranks or positions whereby there are those who have authority over others. This authority should however b e confused and used as a point of discriminating others. Conclusion From the above discussion on current issues that the human resource managers should be aware of concerning discrimination in the work place, it can be deduced that discrimination is something that could occur even without the HR mangers noticing. And since discrimination is a criminal offence punishable in the cou rt of law, the human resource managers should be careful when performing their daily errands to avoid discriminating their employees (Legge, 2004, p.102). Given the aforementioned recommendations of preventing discrimination in the organizations, it is thus possible to achieve a discrimination free global work place. This will therefore ensure that employees are free to work in any organization without the fear of being discriminated. Reference List Armstrong, M. (1999). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page Limited. Garcez, C. (2006). Preventing Discrimination. Retrieved From https://aplawrence.com/Misc/discrimination.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing In an Inclusive Environment: Discrimination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hemphill, H. Haines, R. (1998). Confronting discrimination in your workplace. HRÂ  Focus, Vol.75 No. 7, pp. 5-6. Legge, K. (2004). Human Resource Mana gement: Rhetoric and Realities (Anniversary ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. This essay on Managing In an Inclusive Environment: Discrimination was written and submitted by user Melody Gentry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Can You Fail the SAT

Can You Fail the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is a pretty high-stakes test - it’s an important part of your college applications, which could mean trouble if you get a low score. But can you fail the SAT altogether? The good news is that officially, it’s impossible to fail the SAT - but that doesn’t mean that a low score doesn't mean bad news. Here, I’ll review everything you need to know about why you can’t really fail the SAT, but why poor marks may as well count as failing. Worried about your score? At the end, I’ll go over the steps you should take to pull them up. Failing the SAT: The Official Answer Before I go into the official answer on whether you can fail the SAT, I’d like to review some important background information on how the test is scored. The SAT is currently scored out of 1600 total points. The lowest score you can get on the SAT is 400.This scoring system isn’t necessarily intuitive, so to give you an idea of what the score distribution looks like: The average test score is 1000. The top 25% of scorers get 1200 points or higher, which is generally considered very good. The bottom 25% of scorers get 840 points or lower, which is generally considered poor. Now that we’ve got that out of the way, I want to reiterate that it’s impossible to officially fail the SAT. There are no letter grades or cutoff scores, only your scaled score (the number you receive out of 1600) and your percentile score (the number that tells you how well you’ve done when compared to other test-takers. A percentile score of 60, for example, would tell you that you scored higher than 60% of test-takers). Because we can link scaled scores with percentile scores, we can tell how well a particular student did on the SAT. Even though there is no official failing cutoff, it’s still possible to get a score that will hurt your college applications. This brings me a more pragmatic response as to whether it’s possible to fail the SAT†¦ Failing the SAT: TheUnofficial (and More Helpful) Answer The whole point of preparing for and taking the SAT (perhaps several times) is to make sure you’ll get into a college you’d like to attend. There is no official passing or failing grade on the SAT, but there are certain score benchmarks that are considered low. How you'd define a low score is really dependent on your perspective - do you want to know what's low based on national performance, ordo you want a more nuanced look at scores based on your personal goals? In the next sections, I'll show you how you can do both. It's helpful to start with a wide perspective, and then focus in on what's most relevant for you. Low Score Based on National Performance First, we’ll take a more general view: what’s considered a low score overall, based on national performance? This one's fairly easy to answer. We can consider a low score to be at the 25th percentile and below (as I describedearlier). This means that out of all the people who take the SAT nationwide, those who get an 840 or lower may be considered low scorers. Low Score Based on Personal Goals More importantly, you’ll want to consider what score you’ll consider as a personal failure - not in the sense that the score is a failing grade, but in the sense that the score will fail to help you achieve your personal college admissions goals. An SAT score is just a part of your college application, but a low score will subject the rest of your app to high scrutiny.A very low score might get your app tossed out, even if the rest of your credentials signal that you’d be a good fit for the school. I can’t tell you exactly what SAT score lies at these critical points (i.e. the scores that will hinder you from getting into certain schools). But there is a way to get a ballpark estimate of these â€Å"failing† scores based on the schools you’re interested in. Here’s how you do it: Step #1 Make a list of all the schools you’re interested in (8-10 colleges is ideal). You can include a few reach schools and a few safety schools, but try to compose a list of mostly target colleges. Step #2 For each school, Google â€Å"[name of school] PrepScholar admissions requirements.† The correct link should be one of the first couple results. Here's an example of what your search results will look like: The second link is the one you want! Step #3 On the PrepScholar admissions page, find the information for the 25th/75th percentile SAT scores (we currently have data for the old 2400 point SAT - when schools release data for the current SAT, we’ll update these pages). Because we’re trying to figure out a benchmark for your own personal dangerously low score, we’re most concerned with the 25th percentile score for any school of interest. This means that only 25% of students were accepted to that school with SAT scores lower than the one listed. Step #4 Convert the old 25th percentile SAT scores (out of 2400) to current SAT scores (out of 1600). You can do this by taking the old score and multiplying by â…”, then rounding to the nearest multiple of 10. This gives you your â€Å"danger† score for a particular school in the new scoring system. Example: If the 25th percentile score was 1510 in the old scoring system, I multiply by â…” to get 1007. I round to the nearest multiple of 10 and get 1010. Step #5 If you’ve gathered SAT info for several schools (especially if you’re looking primarily at target schools), you can average the converted scores to get an idea of what your personal definition of â€Å"failing the SAT† might be. If the average score that you calculate seems impossibly high, you might want to re-do this exercise with less competitive schools (i.e. schools with lower SAT scores for admitted students). Applying to schools with average SAT scores that are closer to your own may increase your chances of admission - if your own SAT score is relatively low for a particular school (i.e. at or below the 25th percentile), it won’t necessarily be impossible to get in, but it will definitely be more difficult. For more detailed info, check out our guide on howto calculate an ideal target SAT score. What toDo If You Have a Low Score If your SAT score is around or below that critical 25th percentile mark, there are a few things you can do. Option 1: You can look at schools with less competitive SAT scores for admitted students (like I mentioned earlier). Option 2: You can strategically prepare for the SAT to bring your scores closer to your target. Here, I’ll walk you through the steps you should take if you choose Option 2. How to Prep for the SAT: A Low Scorer's Guide The following tips and strategies are for students with lower-than-average SAT scores (remember that the average is about 1000 out of 1600). If your scores are already pretty high but you’re applying to extremely competitive schools, you should start by checking out our guide to getting a perfect SAT score. Understand Your Mistakes Before you work through any more prep material, it’s really important that you spend some time figuring out why, exactly, you’re missing points. Understanding your mistakes will help you hone in on your weaknesses in future study sessions. If you haven’t done enough practice material to do this sort of analysis, I encourage you to sit through a full diagnostic practice test. Most errors on the SAT fall into one of these four categories: Careless mistakes - you should have gotten the question right but missed the point because you were unfocused or rushing. Time mismanagement - you missed questions at the end of a section because you ran out of time. Lack of content knowledge - you missed a question because you never learned what was necessary to answer it correctly (this most commonly happens in the math section). Misunderstanding the question - you interpreted the wording of the question incorrectly, which led to you selecting the wrong answer (or just guessing). For more information on this process, check out our guide to effectively tallying and analyzing SAT errors. Fill in Content Gaps Building up foundational knowledge is extremely important for students who hope to significantly improve their scores. Like I mentioned earlier, you may notice this issue most often in the SAT math section - to get a head start on determining which content areas may need more work, learn about what exactly is tested on SAT math. The best way to fill in content gaps isn’t to complete more official practice tests - you’ll have the most luck with class notes, textbooks, and reliable SAT prep books. When you've filled in knowledge gaps, you can focus less on content and more on test strategy. Prevent Timing Issues All questions on the SAT are worth the same number of raw points. If you find yourself stuck on a particularly difficult question, circle it and come back to it after you work through the end of the section. Remember, though, that since there's no guessing penalty on the SAT, you should answer every question even if you have to guess. If you find yourself consistently running out of time on the test, read about nine ways to buy time on the SAT. Eliminate Question Misunderstandings Even if you have the content knowledge you need to answer a question, you can’t use it effectively if you don’t really get what the question is asking. This is sometimes related to timing issues - if you’re rushing to read through a question, you can end up missing important information. Simply working through practice problems and familiarizing yourself with the test format can help with this issue. Also, marking up your test booklet as you read questions can help you read more actively, especially if you make a point of underlining the most important parts of a question. Conclusion: Can You Fail the SAT? Even though it’s impossible to fail the SAT, it is possible to get a score low enough to hurt your college admissions chances. This critical score will vary based on the sort of schools you’re interested in, but it’s easy to calculate if you follow the steps I’ve outlined above! If you’re worried about a failing performance on the SAT, there are many steps you can take to bring up your scores.Remember that you’re not alone in this - a lot of smart students struggle with low SAT scores. If you customize your study plan to address your weaknesses, you’re on the right track to achieving your target score. What's Next? If you're still concerned about low SAT scores, there are a lot of things you can do to either boost your SAT performance or boost your college applications more generally. First, read more about what constitutes a good, bad, or average SAT score. If you want to focus on bringing up your scores, check out our guide for low SAT scorers. There are unique steps for students to take if they have a relatively high GPA but are still struggling with underperformance on the SAT. If you don't really have time to work on your scores but want to make sure your college apps are successful, check out our ranked list of colleges with the lowest average SAT scores. Disappointed with your SAT scores? Want to improve by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Becoming an Effective Global Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Becoming an Effective Global Leader - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that global leadership forms a point of concern in many organizations, in the modern world. The need for a better realization of what global leadership entails forms the base of this study. As different organizations conduct different operations outside home countries, the capacity to attract and develop various people to not only perform global tasks but also influence and motivate others globally provides the major source of competitive advantage. It is necessary to examine the important capabilities, characteristics, and skills of people on global leadership responsibilities. According to Osland & Bird, global leadership in definition refer to the systematic and integrated show of leadership traits, intentional behaviors, processes, and performance outcomes, which are elevating, affirmative, and exceptional strengths, capabilities and different developmental capacities of leaders that influence their followers and organization over time an d across all cultures. Thus, a global leader should possess skills and characteristics in order to stand out as a mirror in different organizational activities. The above definition provides a platform to examine the leaders who portray global leadership qualities and what it takes them to remain at the top of the organization. It is clear that leadership is critical in the life of an organization or a business. Poor leadership would mean poor decision-making and ineffectiveness in an organizational performance that would finally collapse the activities of the organization. Organizations need to have well-laid examination criteria in determining those to take charge of leadership positions to ensure the quality of governance.

International Accounting Standards Board Deliberations Research Paper

International Accounting Standards Board Deliberations - Research Paper Example In terms of the history of accounting information, Macve theorized that the accounting of business transactions during the Greek and Roman period and contradictions to the conceptual framework of accounting were easy overshadowed (Macve 1994; 57). Accounting had grown in popularity during the medieval and modern times (Macve 1994). The compulsory implementation of the International Accounting standards –based conceptual framework of accounting enhances the preparation and communication of accounting reports. FASB and IASB published Conceptual frameworks as guides for the preparation of financial reports. The WorldCom, Enron, and other accounting scandals have precipitated to the U.S. Sarbanes Oxley Act. Presently, there is a move to harmonise the U.S. conceptual framework and the U.K. conceptual framework (King 2006). Interested parties contribute their inputs to increase the ease in formulating the conceptual framework of accounting. A conceptual framework serves as a guide in the preparation of accounting report. Likewise, Godfrey emphasized that one of the advantages of incorporating the conceptual framework of accounting is the successful transfer of information to the interested parties to improve the globalization of business organizations (Jayne Godfrey 2007). GAAP and the international accounting standards. The purpose of the synchronization is to have a single set of accounting standards. The single set of accounting standards would increase communication and feedback. The users of the financial statements should receive the information from the preparers in crystal –clear fashion. The best to ensure the vividness is to have only one conceptual framework of accounting. In November 2009, the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the London –based International Accounting Standards Board or (IASB) confirmed their desire to rush the convergence. A third progress report was

Research question Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Question - Research Proposal Example The population of interest will be Silicon Valley. However, representatives from Brighton University will also be included in the study. This population will assist in identification of key metrics that include color and design of workplaces (McMahon 570). The research will assist in gathering essential data, which will be used in the process of testing the hypothesis that workplace could assist in improving productivity and enhancing attainment of creativity in the workplace (Mangalaraj et al. 250). This is because in marketing, value addition is vital in the presentation of products and services. Such facilitates in increasing the quality level, which is a key focus for most of the customers who like quality products and services. Increment of quality level also ensures that an organization is able to compete with others favourably in the market (Gregor and Alan 338). The research will also yield insightful information on how creativity and productivity can be enhanced in organizations (Landwehr et al.

An Analysis Of Microwave Ovens English Language Essay

An Analysis Of Microwave Ovens English Language Essay Microwave oven is a kitchen appliance which cooks food using microwave energy. Microwave oven is quick and efficient equipment because it transfers heat energy directly to the molecules inside foods. Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation which is very close to radio waves and sunlight. Microwave oven has shortened the time to prepare food. The history of microwave oven began in the era of World War II. It has experienced a lot of changes before the present model of the microwave oven is formed. Similar to other great inventions, the invention of microwave oven happened accidently. In 1945, an American electrical engineer, Dr. Percy Spencer (1894-1970), was carrying out experiment with radar equipment, which detects objects by bouncing waves and analyzing the signals it produced. For example, radio waves are used to help ships and airplanes find their way around in darkness or poor weather. Dr. Percy Spencer had a bar of chocolate in his pocket when he was conducting experiment using a special kind of vacuum tube called a magnetron. Surprisingly, the chocolate bar in his pocket had melted due to the heat of the magnetron generated. He was curious about the heat generated by the magnetron. Hence, he leaved some popcorn kernels close to magnetron tube and observed it. He watched the popcorn started to sputter, crack and p op everywhere. Next day, Dr. Percy Spencer and his partner place an egg near the magnetron tube. They observed that the egg started to shake and quake due to the high rise in temperature create high pressure in the egg. Eventually, the egg exploded and splashed the egg yolk all over his partners face. After conducting few experiments, Dr. Percy Spencer came out a scientific conclusion which is microwave energy can be used to heat items. In 1953, he patented his idea and the first microwave oven was launched. In order to create a high density electromagnetic field, he used a metal box which there is a supply of microwave power in it. The food was put into the metal box and then the food was heated up rapidly. The early equipment was large, inefficient and expensive. In 1967, the first household microwave oven was formed and then microwave oven is now become widely used around the world. firstmicro.gif The Features of Microwave Oven Some of the features of the microwave oven are shown as below: Magnetron Waveguide Automatic Cooking Programmes Power Supplyuntitled1.JPG Cooling Fan/Stirrer Turntable Cool Touch Door Child Lockmicrowave2.jpg Interlock Below are some of the explanations of the features which assist the microwave oven in cooking food: Automatic Cooking Programmes Users are allowed to enter the weight and type of food into the programmes. Then, the oven will automatically selects the temperature and cooking time. Below are some of the pre-set programmes : Easy clock oven programming The time of day is displayed by the electronic clock. Besides, the electronic clock also acts as a countdown timer to show the end of the timer function. The microwave oven will do the rest after users set the end time, the duration of cooking together with the functions and temperature of cooking. Numeric keypad Cooking time and power levels are set by using this numeric keypad. It is more convenient to use compared to a dial. 1-minute or 30-second key The preset cooking time is extended, maintaining any power level which was chosen. Quick adjustments are also allowed to the previous settings by pressing the specific buttons. Power Supply The power supply allows users to control the amount of energy wasted. The variable power control enables users to simmer the food at 50% power whereas defrost the food at 30% power. Thus, full power is not used for all purposes to avoid energy loss. Cool Touch Doors The heat can be stored in the reflective inner whereas the cool touch door is placed on the outside of microwave oven. Protective metal gauze is located at the back of the door to avoid microwaves escape to surrounding. The protective metal gauze is also designed for safety purpose. Cooling Fan/Stirrer Cool air is circulated around the oven to ensure the appliance and nearby furniture are kept cool all the time. Besides, hot air vented from the microwave oven is also cooled. This results in less steam as cooler air is vented into kitchen. It virtually eradicates grease discolouration. Magnetron The microwaves are generated by magnetron which is the heart of the microwave oven. This strong metal box prevents harmful microwaves from escaping to the surrounding. Interlock There has a chance for burning if the door of the microwave oven, which is still running, is opened. Therefore, the microwave oven should stop immediately when the door is opened. The Interlock is designed to ovoid the running of microwave oven if the door is opened. Turntable Equal amount of heat could not be dissipated all over the food in microwave oven resulting some part of food might receive more heat whereas some part of food receive less heat. Turntable is a revolving glass which is installed into microwave oven to ensure even cooking. The turntable rotates the food so that the food is cooked evenly. It is crucial that having a turntable inside the microwave oven to ensure even cooking. Without this feature, users have to stop the microwave oven several times and turn the food by themselves. Child Lock Child lock is the most reliable child safety feature for microwave oven. Dishes in microwave oven might be very hot. Children might be in the risk if they open the door and touch the dishes. Child lock can be controlled using the key pad on the microwave oven. Waveguide Waveguide is a hollow metal tube which transports the microwave energy into the cooking cavity. Rectangular shaped waveguides are used for vast majority of microwave oven. The microwaves energy travel by reflecting form side to side in a zigzag pattern. 130411 Microwave oven The Functions of Microwave Oven How do microwaves cook food?Simple artwork showing how a microwave oven works There are several main parts of a microwave oven. A microwave generator, which is called a magnetron is placed inside the strong metal box. When you start to cook, the power outlet transmits the electricity to the magnetron. Then, a high-powered, 12 cm high-frequency electromagnetic wave is converted by the magnetron. After that, wave guide blasts these waves into food partition. The food is then placed on a turntable which will spin slowly to enable the food to be cooked evenly. The microwaves do not simply rebound when microwaves reach the food. This concept is same as the radio waves which can penetrate straight through the walls of buildings. When the microwaves travel through the food, they cause the water molecules inside the food vibrate more quickly. The microwave energy which is produced by the magnetron is converted into heat energy of the water molecules. Dry food such as rice and pasta will not cook in the microwave oven without the presence of water. Hence, the heat energy causes the molecules to vibrate more quickly. Besides, the vibrating molecules contain heat too, the quicker the molecules vibrate, the hotter the food. Thus, the microwaves transfer energy onto molecules in the food and rapidly heating up. Shortcomings of Microwave Oven A coin has two sides and so does any device. A microwave oven too has its own strength and weakness. Like other kitchen appliance, microwaves also have some demerits. Some of the shortcomings of microwave oven are shown as below: Uneven Cooking There are chances of the food getting over cooked or unevenly cooked. Unevenly cooked may result in the hot food being on top and uncooked food at the bottom. The surface of food which exposed to the most microwaves has a tendency to heat up faster than the insides. Normally, the microwaves have to neglect molecules on the outside in order to excite the molecules inside the food. The thicker the food, the more difficult the microwaves penetrate the food. Specific Utensils are Required Microwave oven need specific utensils to cook food as not all metals and alloy vessels can be used. Some of the materials, such as metal and foil, are tended to reflect microwave energy. Usage of metal utensils in microwave oven is avoided except for some recommended procedures which use metal and foil as outlined in the use and care manual. The following are the reasons why metal and foil should be avoided in microwave oven: The efficiency of cooking is largely decreased due to the metal utensils only allow partial penetration of the food by the microwaves. An arc between the metal utensils and the cavity interior can damage the oven if the food is too small to absorb the microwave energy. Superheating It is dangerous to heat liquids as they can be superheated which may lead to explosions. The actual problem happened when this superheated liquid is perturbed. Superheated liquid in conjunction with the agitation are enough to prompt troubles. The superheated liquid is able to burst off with the additional force on any disturbance. Risk of Steam Blasts The tight covering of containers can cause a high risk of steam blasts in the microwaves. As the temperature rise up, the molecules in the container receive more kinetic energy. Thus, the molecules collide each other create higher pressure in the container than outside. When the pressure inside the container exceeds its limitation, it will produce an explosion within the microwave oven. Recommendations Based on the above shortcomings listed, the recommendations for above shortcomings are given as below: Uneven cooking Food thermometer can be used to test food in several places to make sure that the food has reached the recommended temperature in order to kill bacteria and other harmful microorganisms which could cause food borne diseases. Moreover, food is arranged evenly in a covered dish and some liquid is added to promote uniform cooking. If it is possible, large pieces of meat is deboned because bone can affect performance of meat during cooking. Special Utensils are Required Microwave-safe containers and vessels should be used for cooking. The cookware, which specifically manufactured for use in the microwave oven, should be selected during cooking. Utensils which are safe to use typically will be labeled for microwave oven use. Examples of the utensils which are safe to use are heatproof glass, glass-ceramic, oven cooking bags and etc. Superheating Avoid heating liquids for more than two minutes. Liquid do not bubble as they reach the boiling point in the microwave oven. Thus, it might get superheated. The superheated liquid only will bubble when it is moved and something disturbs it. When heating liquids, it is advisable to put a wooden stick in the container in order to prevent super heating of the liquid. After heating, the liquid is placed in the microwave oven for thirty second before taking it out. Risk of Steam Blasts The containers of the microwave oven are never covered tightly. The heated containers should not be taken out immediately after cooking from the microwave. This can ensure that the food is cooked properly and the steam is allowed to escape. Conclusion As all of us know, microwave ovens are often be used daily in kitchens, cafeterias, restaurants, snack bars and homes. Today, it is perhaps the most successful electric appliance introduction in the 20th century. In a world where time means money and life is on the fast lane, we do not really have time to wait around much anymore. Everyone wants things to be fast.  With the existence of microwave oven, we can do quick cooking just with the press of a button.   The food can be prepared from the refrigerator to the microwave oven and onto the dining table in a short time.   If compared to the gas or electric oven, we do not need to worry about the burner whether it is still being heated after the food is prepared by using microwave oven. Thus, the chance for someone to get burned can be reduced. Microwave oven users are often concerned about the issues of potential health hazards from the exposure to microwave radiation leakage. However, with the latest technology advances in door seal design, the leakage of microwave oven has been greatly minimized. Also, as long as the microwave oven is kept clean and dry in a safe location, it should be perfectly safe to use. We should know that successful microwave cooking depends on understanding the limitations as well as the benefits of this type of cooking. If it is used in a proper way, it can be considered that the microwave oven offers a great, convenient and safe method of food preparation without any harmful effects on consumer safety or nutrition. In conclusion, the microwave oven has come a long way, decreased in height, weight, and price. It has made everyone life easier.

New England Patriarca Mafia Essay -- essays research papers fc

Organized crime in the United States keeps the FBI and other law enforcement agencies in a never-ending investigation of criminals suspected of the infiltration of legitimate businesses. A notorious twentieth century organized group was the New England Patriarca Mafia, or N.E.P.M.. Originating in 1915, the N.E.P.M. evolved over the early twentieth century decades, until 1954 when Raymond Loredo Salvatore Patriarca was donned as boss* and promptly began to expand its power. Due to mafia-related language that will be present throughout the paper, a page of definitions is supplied at the end of the paper. Defined words throughout the paper will be noted with an asterisk, â€Å" * †.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To gain a basic knowledge for what organized crime really is and how the N.E.P.M. falls into this category, a short summary of legal characteristics is required. As defined by the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, organized crime is, â€Å"A society that seeks to operate outside the control of the American people and their governments. It involves thousands of criminals*, working within structures as complex as those of any large cooperation, subject to laws more rigidly enforced than those of legitimate governments. Its actions are not impulsive but rather the result of intricate conspiracies, carried on over many years and aimed at gaining control over whole fields of activity in order to amass huge profits† (P.C.C., 1970). Organized crime is a collective result of the commitment, knowledge, and actions of three components: (1) Criminal groups, who are core persons tied by racial, linguistic, ethnic or other bonds; (2) Protectors, who are persons who protect the group’s interests; and (3) Specialist support, which are persons who knowingly render services on an side-job basis to enhance the group’s interests. In order to thrive, an organized crime group needs many different elements. First, it needs an ensured continuity of members, clients, supporters, funds, etc. Additionally, it needs structure, criminality, violence, memberships based on common grounds, and a willingness to corrupt a power and profit goal. Generally, mafia organized crime groups disguise themselves behind the ownership of a legitimate business to avoid questioning from the Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.) regarding any financial sources. The ille... ...il 2005 Connelly, Richard J. and Jim Calogero. â€Å"Raymond Patriarca Dies at 76: Reputedly Ruled N.E. Organized Crime.† Boston Globe 11 July 1984. 6 April 2005 Internal Revenue Service. Report of Income Unreported on Individual Income Tax   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Returns. Report No. 1104. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1979. Lawrence, J.M. â€Å"Judge Ok’s Suites vs. Crooked Feds.† Boston Herald 18 Sept. 2004. 6 April 2005 Machi, Mario. New-England - Boston, MA. 1997. PLR International. 5 April 2005 Organized Crime/Drug Branch, Criminal Investigation Division. An Introduction to Organized Crime in the United State. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993. Pace, Denny F. and Jimmie C. Styles. Organized Crime: Concepts and Controls. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall: 1975. Pennsylvania Crime Commission. Report on Organized Crime. Harrisburg: 1970. Reuter, Peter. The Organization of Illegal Markets: An Economic Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1985. U.S. President’s Commission on Organized Crime. The Impact: Organized Crime Today: Report to the President and the Attorney General. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1986.

Oodgeroo Noonucal Speech Essay

Good morning 10.06. Oodgeroo Noonuccal, an Australian poet, uses her work to convey aspects of Australian experience. Noonuccal’s poems are mainly focused on her own perspective of the culture and beliefs of both the aboriginal people and white Australians, the racial discrimination that the Aborigines suffered and their peoples spirituality. Oodgeroo uses language and poetic techniques repetition, colloquial language, metaphors etc. to portray this. No more boomerang compares the differences between the two unlikely cultures of the Aborigines and the white Australians. The composer uses colloquial language along with many Aboriginal terms and slang, for example, no more corroboree, gay dance and din, are used to create a closer relationship with the reader to allow them to relate to the aboriginals. The reader can distinguish the difference between the two cultures with the repetition of the following phrases, no more boomerang, no more spear, now all civilised, in which emphasizes the aboriginal traditions and cultures being ruled out by the white Australians culture rising. And work like a nigger, for a white mans meal uses enjambment. And work like a nigga conveys the low standard living for an Aboriginal using colloquial language, for a white mans meal portrays the high standard of living of a white Australian. Black hunted wallaby is a form of imagery, which is used to give the reader a better sense of the Australian fauna, and created a picture. Metaphors such as white-fella bunyip are used to further explain and add emphasis to the mellow feeling the poet is trying to evoke. We are going conveys the spirituality of the aborigines. The poem lists the many belongings of the aboriginal culture that makes up who they are. We are the old sacred memories, the law of the elders, and we are the wonder tales of dream time, the tribal legends told, are the metaphors used, it compares the Aborigines to the sacred things that define them, this conveys the strong connection between the Aboriginal people and their spirituality. The repetition of we are emphasis all the objects listed and further creates the identity of the Aborigines.The phrase also includes inclusive language making the reader feel connected to the text. The repetition of the word gone highlights the aborigines identity being taken away from them.

Spartan Ephorate essays

Spartan Ephorate essays What was the role and the authority of the ephors in the Spartiate Constitution? In ancient Sparta the office of ephor was both the most interesting and the most obscure of the offices under the Spartan constitution. It seems that the ephors became more important and gained more and more political power as the history of Sparta proceeded. According to tradition, the order was established at the time of the first Spartan war to help the kings of Sparta to carry out their main duties Messenia (736-716 BC), which necessitated the protracted absence from their country of the two reigning kings of Sparta, Alcamenes and Theopompus. But by the time first Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, the kings had lost much of their power, and it is certain that the ephorate had gained a great deal of what the kings had lost. At its peak of authority the board of ephors was the organ of citizen control over the dual kingship of Sparta. There were five ephors, elected each year by the full Assembly of Equals. This annually elected board functioned until it was destroyed in the 3rd century BC by the Spartan kings Agis IV (reigned 244-241 BC) and Cleomenes III (reigned 235-222 BC). Later it was revived and lasted until A.D. 200. Anybody who was a Spartan Equal and over thirty years old was eligible to stand for election. Their relation to the two Spartiate kings was curious. The kings were recognised as the only authorised military commanders, but the ephors had full discretion in levying troops. During campaigns they had no voice in command, but they might bring the royal leaders to trial for alleged errors in conducting war. The ephors cast the deciding voice when the kings disagreed. Their decisions were the result of a simple majority vote. The responsibilities of the ephorate included giving foreign ambassadors permission to cross the border into Spartan territory and permission to address the Assem ...

The Tigris River of Ancient Mesopotamia

The Tigris River of Ancient Mesopotamia The Tigris River is one of two main rivers of ancient Mesopotamia, what is today modern Iraq. The name Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers, although perhaps it ought to mean the land between two rivers and a delta. It was the marshy lower ranges of the conjoined rivers that truly served as a cradle for the earliest elements of the Mesopotamian civilization, the Ubaid, in approximately 6500 BCE. Of the two, the Tigris is the river to the east (towards Persia, or modern Iran) while the ​Euphrates lies to the west. The two rivers run more or less parallel for their entire length through the rolling hills of the region. In some cases, the rivers have a rich wide riparian habitat, in others they are confined by a deep valley such as the Tigris as it rolls through Mosul. Together with their tributaries, the Tigris-Euphrates served as the cradle for the latter urban civilizations that evolved in Mesopotamia: the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. At its heyday in the urban periods, the river and its human-constructed hydraulic systems supported some 20 million inhabitants. Geology and the Tigris The Tigris is the second largest river in Western Asia, next to the Euphrates, and it originates near Lake Hazar in eastern Turkey at an elevation of 1,150 meters (3,770 feet). The Tigris is fed from snow which falls annually over the uplands of northern and eastern Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. Today the river forms the Turkish-Syrian border for a length of 32 kilometers (20 miles) before it crosses into Iraq. Only about 44 km (27 mi) of its length flows through Syria. It is fed by several tributaries, and the major ones are the Zab, Diyalah, and Kharun rivers. The Tigris joins the Euphrates near the modern town of Qurna, where the two rivers and the river Kharkah create a massive delta and the river known as Shatt-al-Arab. This conjoined river flows into the Persian Gulf 190 km (118 mi) south of Qurna. The Tigris is 1,180 miles (1,900 km) in length. Irrigation through seven millennia has changed the course of the river. Climate and Mesopotamia There are steep differences between maximum and minimum monthly flows of the rivers, and the Tigris differences are the sharpest, nearly 80 fold over a period of a year. The annual precipitation in the Anatolian and Zagros highlands exceeds 1 meter (39 inches). That fact has been credited with influencing the Assyrian King Sennacherib to develop the worlds first stone masonry water control systems, some 2,700 years ago. Did the variable water flow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers create the ideal environment for the growth of the Mesopotamian civilization? We can only speculate, but there is no doubt that some of the earliest urban societies blossomed there.   Ancient Cities on the Tigris: Baghdad, Nineveh, Ctesiphon, Seleucia, Lagash, and Basra.Alternate Names: Idigna (Sumerian, meaning running water); Idiklat (Akkadian); Hiddekel (Hebrew); Dijlah (Arabic); Dicle (Turkish). Source Altinbilek D. 2004. Development and management of the Euphrates–Tigris basin. International Journal of Water Resources Development 20(1):15-33.

Analysis Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis Paper - Article Example In addition, the author also touches on other issues such as neoliberalism and globalization, which will help her to build up her article effectively. In addition, in the introduction she briefs the reader on the entire alignment of the article and the issues that will be discussed thereafter. This is a way of giving the reader morale to read the whole article. In addition, it also is a way of making a person have an idea of the whole article even before reading it wholly. The author also brings to the reader’s attention the different ideas about the topic that will be compared and analyzed in the article. This way, she avoids unnecessary mix up of the reader. Argument The author mainly gives her own opinions about the whole topic by analyzing the whole issue from different readings. This can also be seen from the fact that she uses the first person since she is mainly giving her own view about the whole issue. For instance, she states that â€Å"In this paper, I argue that r acial inequalities †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The use of the first person in this case is majorly to show that the author is trying to give her own idea about the whole issue alongside other ideas that have been given previously. In addition, she challenges the views given by other different works written about closely related issues. For instance, when she says, â€Å"In contrast to epiphenomenal approaches, I suggest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  it is to show that in the article, she challenges other works while building up on hers (Merrill, 1543). The author has also clearly stated that to date, there has been no other author engaging with the same issue as her in the whole of Italy. Therefore, in her opinion the topic has not been studied enough to enlighten the Italian society. Structure of the Paper In giving her argument, the author begins by introducing the reader to the overall issue of immigration in Italy. This gives the reader an overview of the issue that she will be tackling. The next section i n the article is the conceptual approach of racial discrimination of immigrants from Africa. At this point, she brings in the issue neoliberalism globalization (Merrill, 1544). She then explains how this affected the subject of immigration and how it changed it. It is also in this section that she examines how individuals have not noticed that neoliberalism affects immigration. In the next section, the author discusses about the overall issue of demographic patterns in Italy. She then outlines the characteristics of migration in the country and gives the way in which the two issues (demographic patters and migration) affect each other. She then examines how Italian workers have been racially discriminated in their own country. Further, on the same subject, she studies the production and output of outsiders in relation to the migration controls that have been set up (Merrill, 1545). The structure of the author’s work has been arranged in such a way that she clearly addresses a ll the issues independently without confounding the reader. Therefore, slowly, by connecting the different sections of the document, she comes up with her final article. Finally, she analyzes the overall problem of race in conjunction with trade unions in Italy. She clearly examines the way in which trade unions have failed to realize that workers are getting intimidated by the issue of racial discrim